KBT wordlist
A
aang1: 'cork lid' aang2: 'tool used for gouging wood, adze with straight blade' (cf. bikung),
kapak,taan))
aar1: bellows': naar (in-aar) 'the process of metal toolmaking: the process of
using the bellows to pump air in blacksmithing'
aar2: 'carefully woven rattan twine used in tying; woven raltan work used on
implements': naar ( 'to make rattan work', naar (in-aar) 'preterite
passive of naar'
abad: 'plant with long leaves and fruit which grows in bunches in wet places' aban1: 'because; unless' aban2: 'quarrel over possession of something (property, two men over a
woman, etc.)': pepaban (pep-aban) 'quarrel with one another'
abang: 'ditch, canal' nabang 'make a ditch' abet: 'way of tying; thing used for tying': ngabet (ng-abet) 'to tie'; pengabet
'thing use for tying'; pinengabet 'was used as a thing for tying'; senabet (CB) 'was used to tie' (cf. bebhed)
abi: last one'; abi-abi: 'all, every one'; mabi (m-abi) 'finished'; ngabi 'to finish' (cf. pengeh ) abuh: 'ashes'; mabuh (m-abuh) 'dusty, covered with dust or ashes': nabuh (in-abuh) 'was cover by dust or ashes'; ngabuh 'make dusty, cover with dust or ashes' pabuh (p-abuh) 'throw dust on one another (of two persons or many people)' (cf. labuh) ada': 'soul. ghost. spirit (cf. iat) adel1: 'buffalo flea' (cf. gesimel, kutuh, li?a, tumeh) adel2: 'lock' aden: 'starting line or block for footrace; starting point' adeng: 'charcoal used in blacksmithing' (cf. rereng) ading: 'earwax' (cf. ta?ih lalid ) aduk: 'ostentation' (?): aduk-aduk 'showing off adung: 'adoption'; dungen 'aorist passive of ngadung'; ngadung 'to adopt' agag: 'a sieve'; nagag 'to sieve (esp. rice that has already been husked .through pounding on the iung)' agap:(JU)'a shock: way .of startling'; ngagap 'startle someone' (cf. gagap)
',
ager: 'crumbs left after a meal' ain: 'sweet taste'; da?et ain 'bad taste (= not sweet tasting)'; main (m-ain) 'sweet';doo? main 'delicious' aja: 'penis plug (bamboo plug traditionally inserted through the glans penis) aka: 'cleared area'; naka (in-aka) 'was cleared by'; ngaka (ng-aka) 'to clear an area, make a clearing' aka': 'saliva' (cf. lidha?) akat: 'bravery, courage'; makal (m-akat) 'brave, courageous' akep: 'black snail found in the river' (cf. kereruang, keruang) akun: 'admission'; ngakun 'admit fault' alad: 'wall'; ngalad 'miakc a wall, build a wall' alang(CB): 'back of knife blade, edge': ngalar) (ng-alag) 'hit wilh the blunt.side of a knife' j alap: 'act of taking, getting or fetching'; nalap (in-alap) 'was fetched by'; ngalap (ng-alap) 'take, get, fetch' ala': (see simun) aleb: 'knee' alem: 'night'; temalem (tem-alem or te-malem?) 'spend a night' (cf. malem) ali (CB): (?): da?et ali 'deserted, of a place that has been abandoned; quiet, of a place' alid: 'steep slope (not as rugged as beribhi)' (cf. beribhi, ra?an) alih1: 'pregnancy'; malih (m-alih) 'pregnant (coarse term which implies that the child will not be legitimate)'; ngalih (ng-alih)'impregnate' (cf. ngeren) alih2: 'a taboo'; malih (m-alih) 'be taboo' (cf. eren) ali' (JU): 'accumulated dirt on skin, as behind the ears' alud: 'dugoul canoe, boat; ngalud (ng-alud) 'carry things in a boat' alug: lie, untruth'; malug (em-alug) 'play a trick on someone to deceive them, lie; a lie': pemalug (pem-alug) liar; false story'; pepalug (pep-alug) lie to one another' aluh1: 'eight' (cf. waluh) aluh2: long wooden rice, pestle' (cf. tutuk) alung(CB): 'fern-like plant' amug: 'meadow; previously farmed area, abandoned farmland' anak: 'child, baby', a.dela?ih 'boy'; a. dedhur 'girl'; a. kadi? 'small child'; a. menaken 'nephew, niece': a. nanap(in-alap) 'adopted child'; a. sia? new-born baby'; nenganak (ng-teng-anak) 'give birth'; tenganak (teng-anak) 'date of birth' anam (CB): 'act of picking something up from the ground'; nanam (ne-anam?)
(CB) 'pick up with the fingers'; nganam (ng-anam) 'pick something up from the ground'
aney: 'termite' (see rera?) anit: 'tree bark, pig .skin (rude when used for people)'; nganit (ng-anit) 'make an expedition into the jungle to skin bark from trees' (ef. kubil, lanit) anud: 'current, direction of flow'; manud (em-anud) 'to flow; move on the
current': manud medayeh 'upriver'; manud mela?ud 'downriver' (cf. awer)
anuk: 'clothing'; nganuk(ng-anuk) 'put on clothing' (cf. kelibung) angang: 'barking of dog, sound of a dog barking': ngangang 'to bark, of a dog" angat: 'small branch' (cf. da?an) angai: 'kind of small porcelain jar' (cf. belanay) ange': 'bee-like insect that does not bite or sting. Children hold up the little finger for this insect to come and land on' (see bua?) anget: 'kind of bee' apad: 'mountain range' (cf. buduk, puun) apa': 'to take' (cf. alap, apen) apeh: 'which?' (cf. sapeh) apen: 'to take' (cf. alap. apa') aping1(JU): 'outside' (cf. lai) aping2 (PM): 'ends of something, as a longhouse' apo: 'roof; apo kenangan 'roofing material made from nipa palm leaf'; ngapo (ng-apo) 'make a roof ' apuk1: 'fine ashes or dusi in the air, sawdust; facial powder'; mapuk (m-apuk) 'dusty': napuk (in-apuk) 'was made dusty'; ngapuk (ng-apuk) 'make something dusty' apuk2: 'cotton' I apung: 'act of hiding a thing; thing hidden'; mapung (m-apung) 'hidden'; napung: in-apung) 'was hididen by'; ngapung (ng-apung) 'hide something or oneself (Intentionally)', perengapunget)agur)(pere-ng-apung)'hide oneself apuy: 'fire' a'eb(CB): lid of a basket (cf. kekeb) a'ed(JU): 'speech defect; ma?ed (em-a?ed) 'speak defectively, stutter' a'it1: 'sickness, pain'; ma?it (m-a?it) 'sick, painful'; ma?it lipen 'tooth-ache ;ma?it uluh 'headache' a'it2: 'wait'; na?it (ne-a?it) 'wait for', pepa?it (pep-a?it) 'wait for each other' (cf. ta?it) a'ud1: 'wall hook on which objects are hung' (cf. edhang2) a'ud2: 'tool for clearing' arak1: 'rice wine' arak2(PM):'bamboo railing or handhold to give support when descending steps or crossing a bridge'; ngarak (ng-arak) 'to guide by the hand, as a blind man' arang: 'a dance'; ngarang (ng-arang) 'to dance' ara' (PM): 'don't want' (said to be more usual than dara?, q.v.) arar1: 'bamboo cage-like structure in which meat is placed for smoking': nga-rar (ng-arar) 'to smoke or dry meat over a fire' arar2: 'nest'; ngarar (ng-arar) 'make a nest' (cf. tenuran) areg: 'fragment, small piece of something broken'; mareg (m-areg) 'brokensmall pisces, fragmented, ngareg (ng-areg) 'break somethinginto small pieces' arit (JU): 'design'; ngarit (ng-arit) 'make designs, as on a shield' aru': 'casuarina' (see kayuh) arur: 'stream, small branch of a river'; r)arur ( r)-arur) 'follow along a steam or river' asa: 'whetting, grinding, sharpening'; asa asa 'scratch oneself against a tree, of carabaos'; ngasa (ng-asa) to sharpen (as a knife') (cf. i'ir, tadem) asab: 'falling sickness, epilepsy'; masab (m-asab) 'epileptic' asang1: 'gills of a fish' asang2: 'tall woven basket' aseg: 'water that has been added to the rice that has been used to make rice wine (this gives a second, diluted batch of rice wine)' asek: 'pineapple fiber (formerly used for sewing)' asih: 'pretense': asih asih 'pretend, as to pretend not to see another person whom you consider beneath you' asi': 'stinginess, selfishness': asi? asi? 'stingy, selfish': masi? (m-asi?) 'stingy' aso: 'procrastination': aso aso 'put off doing something that someone has ask-ed you to do because you dislike having been asked to do [[it' asu': 'stool' atang (CB): 'crossbeam in house construction'; ngatang (n-atang) 'carry something on a pole between two people' ata': 'rice grains with a husk among the husked grains after pounding' atey1: 'liver': ate rua? lungs': ate buduk 'heart' atey2: 'death'; mate (m-ate) 'die. dead', nate (in-ate) 'was killed'; ngate (ng-ate) 'kill', petate (pep-ate) 'kill each other' (cf. pate) ateb: 'deadfall trap for small animals such as rats and squirrels' atet: 'clitoris' (cl.pengi?) atir (CB): 'area just inside the front of the rice granary (not the storage area proper)' atok: '(very? )' (said lo be rare: see si'it) atur1(JU): 'generation, age group' atur2(CB): 'an order, command'; ngatur (ng-atur) 'to order, command' (cf. turu?) atoi: 'a swing': petatuy (pet-atuy?) 'to swing like a pendulum'; metatuy (ng-pet-atuy) 'make something swing like a pendulum' awa: 'awe; disappointment, regret'; mawa (m-awa) 'awed: disappointed,feeling regret' awan: 'spouse' awa': 'waist awer: 'rapids, fast flowing part of the river'; mawer (m-awer) 'swift' (cf anud) ayek: 'a whisper': ngayek(ng-ayek) 'to whisper' pepayek(pep-ayek) 'whis- per to one another ayu1: 'expression corresponding to "you're it", used by children chasing one another in game' ayu2: 'predictable'; doo? ayu 'clever, smart': mayu(m-ayu?) likely, probable' ayud: 'writing'; ngayud (ng-ayud) 'write' (cf. nulis, urit) ayum: 'affection'; ngayum(ng-ayum) 'say something in affection, sym-paltlize' ayun: 'shadow' ayu': 'just, only; always. habitually'
B baang: 'place for storing small logs behind the fireplace' baa?: 'wet; wet rice field babeh: 'carrying basket that is worn on the beck, with a tumpline over the
forehead'; binabeh (b-in-abeh) 'was carried on the back'; mabeh
(ng-babeh)
'to carry on the back' (cf. bakang, binen, uyut)
babuy (CB): 'male, of pigs' (see berek; cf. la?ih) bada: 'sand' bada?1: 'advice'; binada? (b-in-ada?) 'was advised by'; mada? (ng-bada?)
'advise, tell, instruct': pebada? (pep-bada?) 'advise one
another, tell each
other'; tebada?(te-bada?)'advice'
bada?2: (PM): 'invitation' badil: 'child's toy weapon of bamboo for shooting other children in play': bedilen (baldilen) 'aorist passive of madil'; binadil (b-in-adil), pinadil (p-in-adil) 'was shot by': madil (ng-badil) 'to shoot; to hunt using guns' (cf. ngeraad ) baduk: 'jackfruit' (see bua?) baka: 'wild pig' (cf. berek) bakang: 'wide apart, of the feet while standing': tebakang (te-bakang) 'be wide
apart, of the feet whilel standing'; nebakar) (n-te-bakar)) 'make
someone
else's feet wide apart, spread someone's legs, force apart
forceps: stand over
someone or something with feet wide apart'; simbakang
(t-in-e-bakang)
'preterite passive of. neakang'
bakul (CB): 'basket that is carried in the hanfi' (Makay loan?) baku?: 'cute (of babies, of ornaments that represent animals, birds, etc.)' bala: 'news, fame; famous'; belaan (bala-an) 'saying, telling'; binala (b-in-ala)
'was said by, was told by': mala(n-bala) 'say, tell, talk about'
balang: 'tiger' baleh: 'debt'(cf.utang) balih: 'a lie: lying, deceitful, untruthful'; malih (ng-balih) to lie, be deceitful' baliw1: 'change form. metamorphose, as a caterpillar into a butterfly; hatch, as
an egg'
baliw2 (I'M): 'warp' balu? (CB): 'provisions, food given to someone when he departs on a jour-
ney': nebalu? (ne-balu? ) 'give provisions to someone going on a
journey' bangeh: 'water trough (for pigs, dogs)' banget: 'sea. ocean' ba?an: 'bearing fruit, flowering' (cf. busuk) ba?o (CB): 'beads' ba?ung: 'banana' ba?ur (CB): 'fishing pole; trip stick in an ebhung, noose trap' bara?: 'swell, become swollen or inflamed' barat 'veranda, porch-like area where the edhan rests and where firewood is
split'
bareh: 'emiber, glowing coal' baring: (see bulu?) barit: 'striped, colorful' (see bulu?) bariw: 'strong wind. storm wind' (see udan) basa?: 'way of reading, act of reading'; binasa? (b-in-asa?) 'was read by':
kebasa? (ke-basa?) 'way of reading'; masa? (ng-basa?)'to read'
(Malay
loan)
batang: log, tree trunk' bata?: 'green (as grass), blue (as (he sky)' batek: 'abdomen' batuh: 'stone'; binatuh [b-in-atuh) 'cemetery' baur (CB): 'full after eating, satiated'; maur (ng-baur) 'to satiate someone, feed
someone to the point of satiation'
bawang1: 'onion' bawang2: 'settlement, village, country' baweh: 'enemy'; (pep-baweh) 'be enemies with one another' (cf.
bunu?) !
bayang: 'goatskin armor formerly used hy warriors when going lo battle' bayar (CB): 'pay' (Malay loan) bayeh: 'crocodile' bayuh: (see bulu?) bayung: 'a spear': mayung (ng-bayur)'to spear' (cf. buso) bebhak (CB): 'torn (aa shirt, pants, mosquito net)'; bibhak (be-i-bhak) 'was bebhan: 'bird-lime stick used to catch birds'; mebhan (ng-bebhan) 'catch birds
with the bird-lime stick'
bebha?: 'urine; urinate' (cf. ebhah) bebhat: 'a share, division'; bibhat (be-i-bhat). binibhat(b-in-e-i-bhat) 'was shar-
ed or divided by': mebhat (ng-bebhat) 'to share, divide'
bebhed (CB): 'a bundle, as of firewood: what is used to tie something into a
bundle': b. kayuh 'bundle of wood': bibhed (be-i-bhed) 'was
tied by winding
around': mebhed (ng-bebhed) 'tie by winding around (bundles,
bandage on
limbs, etc.)' (cf. abet. pehhed)
bebhek1: 'rice fragments left after pounding; finely pounded, crushed into fine
particles, of rice'; bibhek (be-i-bhek) 'was broken into
small panicles';
mebhek (ng-bebhek) 'break something into small particles,
pound something
fine' (cf. berebhek)
bebhek2: 'talkative' behhen1: 'closing by covering': bibhen( be-i-bhen) 'preterite passive of
mebhen'; mebhen (ng-bebhen) 'close the mouth or opening of a
container or
bamboo by covering (deliberate action)'
bebhen2: 'sink into the ground as a result of human intervention (of house
posts)': bibhen (b-e-i-bhen) 'preterite passive of
mebhen'.mebhen (ng-bebhen)
'make something sink into the ground'
bebher: 'woven mat fan for fanning the fire; flutter in the wind'; bibher
(be-i-bher) 'was fanned by'; mebher (ng-bebherl) 'to fan the
fire bebho: 'cool off the temper, after getting angry or crying)' bedhek: 'nasal mucus' bedhi?: 'vulva, vagina' (cf. edhi?) bedhuk: 'short-tailed yullow-brown monkey, probably Macacus nemestrinus'
(cf. berangad , kelabet. kuyad)
begheh: 'dumb, mute, unable lo speak' bekaar: 'sit cross-legged' (cf. tudo) bekakit (I'M): 'turn something over, as glass or a vase' bekang (JU): 'large carrying basket worn on the back' (cf'. babeh. binen, uyut) beken: 'other: different, behaving differently than usual' bekukit (PM): 'fall over headfirst while squatting' bekuku?(PM): 'kneel' belad: 'spread open': bilad (be-i-lad) 'was spread open by'; melad (ng-belad)
'to spread open, as linen'
beladan1: 'the entire platform is built on the support posts and which
forms the floor of the longhouse'
beladan2: 'turtle. tortoise' belanay: 'four-foot high porcelain jar used for storing corn or making rice
wine'
belang: 'small cut' :melang (ng-belang) 'cut someone' belatik: 'spring-set arrow trap for animals' belatu?: 'outstanding: conspicuous, obvious' belawan: 'iron (metal)' belel: 'a float used on fishing lines' (cf. lupung) belen: 'log props under wooden chair' belih: 'buying'; bilih (be-i-lih) 'was bought by': melih(ng-belih) 'to buy,
pebelih (pep-belih) 'trade with one another'
beliw: 'slip from the hand, as when someone falls and grasps for support, but
cannot hold it; biliw. (be-i-liw) 'preterite passive of
ng-beliw'; meliw
(ng-beliw) let go of something' (cf. peliw)
belu?ing: 'hoe used for tilling and weeding in rice paddies and gardens' benang (CD): 'coffin' (cf. lungun) beneh: 'low' bengar: 'planks that form the beladan, or floor platform of the longhouse' bengel: 'deaf bengelih: 'canine tooth, tusk' bengil (CB): 'ankle' bera: 'husked rice' berang: 'width (of a river, house, field)' berangad(CB): 'small, gray. long-tailed monkey similar to kuyad' beraok: ' large frog' (cf. epit, teleka?) bera?ang: 'molar tooth' berat: 'heavy' bere: 'thing given'; bire (be-i-re) 'was given by'; mere (ng-bere) 'give'; pebere
(pep-bere) 'give to one another, exchange gifts'
berebhek (CB): 'piece of broken stone'; merebhek (ng-berebhek) 'break a stone
into small pieces, crush pulverize' (cf. bebhek)
berek: 'domesticated peg'; b. babuy 'male pig, boar'; b. sinan 'female pig,
sow' (cf. baka) I
berenuan: 'kind of small bee' berere: 'jungle swamp with red lateritic soil' beret: 'woman's waist band of beads' (cf.eret) beribhi: 'steep slope' (cf. alid, ra?an) berirang: 'striking edge on matchbox' (Malay loan) beriwer: 'twirling (of a bullroarer)'; meriwer (ng-beriwer) 'to twirl' beruang: 'the Malayan honey bear: Ursus Malayanus' beruh: 'new: just now: again' besai: 'canoe paddle' (loan, probably from a Kenyah dialect)' besit: 'squirt out' (of pus from, a pimple when squeezed) beter: 'kidney' beti: 'calf of the leg' betik: 'tattoo' betua: (?);b. idhung 'wing of the nostril' betueh: 'stomach (internal organ)' betung: (see bulan, bulu?) bibek: 'domesticated duck' (Malay loan) bibir: 'lip' bigan (CB): 'plate' (Malay loan) bikung: 'tool used to smooth wood surfaces, adze'; mikung.(ng-bikur) 'work
with an adze' (cf. aang)
bilak: 'piece of split wood, rattan or bamboo'; milak (ng-bilak) to split wood,
rattan or bamboo lengthwise' (cf. upa)
bila?: 'broken, split (state)'; benila? (b-in-ila?) 'preterite passive of bila?';
mila? (ng-bila?) 'to break, split something'
bilun (JU): 'airplane' (English 'balloon') binen: 'kind of small carrying basket' (cf. babeh.bakar), uyul) bi?ung (CB): 'kind of gourd that is used as a container' birar: 'yellow' biruh: 'appearance, features; outward signs'; doo? b. 'good appearance (of
people, baskets, pots)'
bisung: 'hit a person with a stick by accident, as a child playing with a
bullroarer'
buang (CB): 'beetle (generic)' bua?: 'fruit; integral part of'; b. buyo 'orange': b. buyo duru? 'small sweet
variety of orange'; b. buyo pada 'lemon'; b. datu?
'durian'; b. pangin 'fruit of
the mango family'; b. laam 'mango'; b. tabuh b. tedhak
'pumpkin': bua?
tidhu? 'fingers'; bua? t. rayeh 'thumb', bua? t. tidhul
'index finger', bua? t.
uned 'middle finger', bua? t. sising 'ring finger', bua?
t. dara? 'ring finger',
bua? t. ange? 'little finger', bua? t. i?it 'little
finger', b. tikan 'honeybee'. buar: 'struck by something falling'; muar (ng-buar) 'hit with something' buat1(CB): 'character, personality buat2: 'gossip, idle talk'; muat (ng-buat) 'to gossip'; pebuat (pep-buat) 'tall
about one another
bube?: 'defecate' (cf. tae?) bubuh1 (CB): 'bamboo basket trap for fish. placed with mouth upstream' bubuh2(CB): 'move, charge location': mubuh (ng-bubuh) to move' bubhuk (CB): 'tree from which leaves are taken to make a poultice for the
relief of rheumatic pains, sprains, bruises, etc.'
bubhul (CB): 'a patch'; mubhul (ng-bubhul) 'to patch, mend' bubhun1: 'campfire; fire used for glazing pots' (= bubhun2?) bubhun2(CB): 'heap, pile (of earth, sticks, etc.)'; mubhun (ng-bubhun) 'make a
heap or pile of earth, sticks, etc.'
bubhu ?: 'door'; rnubhu? (ng-bubhu?) 'make a hole by piercing through' bubhut: 'feathers that have been plucked from a chicken; plucking, pulling'
binubhut (b-in-ubhut) 'was plucked by'; mubhut (r)-bubh
t) 'pluck, pull out.
as feathers'
buda?: 'white' budud: 'sword grass .lmperara clindrica'(cf.uduh) buduk: 'cone, peak of a mountain, lip of the nose, lip of a pen'; buduk ruma?
'ridgepole' (cf. apad, puun)
bued: 'source', b.ebha? 'spring, source of a river' buen: 'odor, smell of something', b. kedi?it 'a little smell'; beruh buen 'weak
(lit. 'new') smell'; da?et buen 'bad smell', doo? buen
'good smell'; galih
buen 'strong smell'; binuen (b-in-uen) 'was smelled by';
muen (ng-buen) 'M
smell something'
bugo: 'flat piece of wood used to stir rice' bui: 'soft breeze: have a soft breez.e blowing' bujur: 'distended, of the belly (also used as a personal epithet)' bukuh1: 'book' (English loan) bukuh2: 'joint of finger or bamboo: node; knot in a tree, sebukuh (se-bukuh)
'knot in a string: string with knots for keeping track of
time': nebukuh
(ng-se-bukuh)'tie a knot' (cf. bukuh)
bukut: 'a punch': binukut (b-in-ukut) 'was punched by': mukul (ng-bukut)'to
punch': pemukut (peng-bukut) 'thing used to punch (as a glove,
etc.)':
pebukut (pep-bukut) 'punch one another' (cf. nguarn)
bulan: 'moon': b. betung 'full moon' bulat: 'open the eyes': binulat (b-in-ulat) 'was looked at by'; mulat (ng-bulat)
look at someone or something': pebulat (pep-bulat) look at one
another' buleng: 'single, lone': anak buleng 'only child': sebuleng (se-buleng) 'alone';
nebuleng (ng-se-buleng) 'keep something (as a problem) to
oneself, not sharing
it with others' (cf. uleng)
buluh1: 'body hair; leather': buluh mateh 'eyelash'; buluh madu? 'eyebrow' buluh2 (PM): 'love': pebuluh (pep-buluh) love one another' bulu?: 'bamboo': b. baring 'small species of bamboo used by children to make
blowpipes'; b. barit 'thin yellow bamboo species with green
lines': b. bayuh
'thin, small species of bamboo which gives bad cuts': b.
betung large, thick
species of bamboo'; b. eling 'bamboo species smaller than b.
betung'; b. telang
'medium-sized species of bamboo'
buned: 'powder' bunu?: 'enemy': rnunu? (ng-bunu?) 'go to war': pebunu? (pep-bunu?)'go to
war against each other' (cf. baweh)
bunga? (CB): 'cultivated flower' (probably a Malay loan; cf. busak) bunga?an: 'bladder' bupu? (CB): 'washing'; binupu? (b-in-upu?) 'was washed by'; mupu?
(ng-bupu?)'to wash' (cf. pupu?)
bu?an (CB): 'round rattan carrying container worn on the back' bu?uh: 'anger'; binu?uh (b-in-u?uh) 'be the object of someone's anger';
perebu?uh(pere-bu?uh ) 'be anger with'
burak: 'rice wine' buro (JU): 'send away, chase away'; muro (ng-buro) 'send someone away, scare
off birds or animals, as from the fields'
buruk: 'rotten' buru?: 'washed off, as paint from a wall'; seburu? (se-buru?) 'wash one's
face'
burur (JU): 'body: counting classifier for people' busak: 'wild I'lowcr, flowering, as a tree' (cf. ba?an,bunga?) buser: 'blind', muser (ng-buser) 'to blind someone' buso: 'a spear' (cf. mayung) butal: 'bald' (cf. pango) butan: 'coconut' (see bua?) buta?: 'sleep in the eye, mucus in the comer of the eye' butung: 'corpse, carcass, dead body' butu?: 'penis' buyo: 'citrus fruit' (see bua?) buyur (JU): 'too long, as fhe sleeves of a shirt or the legs of a pair of trousers':
muyur (ng-buyur) 'lengthen'
D daan: 'hut in the ricefield where people stay to scare away birds' dadan: 'old, of things; long, of time, dadan dadan 'for a long time' (cf. ngered,
ma?un) I
dadang: 'heat rom a fire, be exposed to heat (as a person sitting near a fiire)';
nadang (ng-dadang) 'to heat'; sinadang (d-in-adang) 'was heated
by' dadem: 'feverish, sick' I dalan: 'path, road'; nalang (ng-dalan) 'to walk'; delanan (dalan-an) 'path made
by repeated walking over the same course'; medalan (me-dalan?)
'help
someone walk'
dalem: 'deep' inedalem (ng-dalem) 'deepen' dalid: 'ear' (dialect form; cf. lalid) daluh (CB): 'a fight, quarrel'; pedaluh (pep-daluh) 'to fight, quarrel with one
another' (cf. kedaluh)
dame: (see lau?) dapo (CB): 'walk or talk in one's sleep' dapur: 'kitchen' (Malay loan) da?an: 'branch, bough of a tree' (cf. angat) da?ar: live twig (cf. raka?)' da?eh: 'chin. jaw' da?et: 'bad'; dina?et(d-in-a?et) 'was damaged by'; pada?et(pep-da?et)
'say something bad about one another'
da?un: 'leaf (cf. rudang) dara?1: 'blood'; dera?en (dara?-en) 'bleeding, as the gums' (see bua?, cf.
dara?)
dara?2: 'don't, don't want' (cf. ara?, ian) dari: 'fine. small' (see peretak) datu?: (see bua?) dawan: lamp, torch' (cf. lapung) dawa?: 'a libel suit'; ngedawa? (ng-dawa?) 'sue someone' dayeh: 'upriver, toward the interior'; pedayeh (pe-dayeh) 'upriver (loc.)';
medayeh (me-dayeh) 'go upriver'
dayung(PM): 'trance' dedhak (CB): way of slapping or tamping something to make it more compact';
kededhak (kededhak) 'way of slapping or lamping
something'; nedhak
(ng-dedhak) 'when constructing a levee in the paddy
field, to slap the wet clay
with a large paddle or club to make it more compact;
prior to wrapping
cooked rice in leaf packages, to pat, squeeze and press
the rice into a compact
mass using a small wooden paddle (bugo)'
dedhar (CB): 'be struck, as by a falling object' (cf. dedhat) dedhek (CB): 'struck, as by something that someone throws at you; way of
throwing something at someone'; nedhek (ng-dedhek)
'throw any object
(stone, mud, book) at someone or something'
dedhem (CB): 'darkness, dark'; ngededhem (nge-dedhen) 'wait for nightfall'
(cf. m-alem)
dedhen: 'pushing down': nedhen (ng-dedhen) 'push down' dedher: 'small tree, sapling; slick' dedhur: 'female (human); woman' (cf. sinan) dekaan: 'term of intimacy used with relatives' deket1: 'fish that moves from boulder to boulder in the river' (probably =
deket2,. from its habit of "sticking" to the rocks)
deket2: 'sticky': neket (ng-deket) 'stick something to something': siket
(de-i-ket) 'pruterite passive ol neket' (cf. pedeket)
dela?ih: 'male' (cf. la?ih) dele: 'corn' delo (JU): 'kind of long eel' (cf. duder) demulun: 'slave, servant' (cf. dulun, lemulun, paran) denak (JU): 'suddenly'; medenak (me-denak) 'to startle or surprise someone' denganeh (CB): (?) d. puar 'brother or sister by a second marriage: half
brother, half sister'
dengur: ' low-pitched (as the voice)' (cf. leki?) depar: 'back of the hand. top of the foot'; depar tidhu?, l 'back of the hand' depeh: 'fathom, distance between two outstretched arms' (cf. urek) deramih (CB): 'rice straw' (cf. geramih) deredhang: 'epiphytic fern' (cf. redhang) deteluh: 'they (trial)' (cf. diweh, ideh) dian: 'candle' dila?: 'tongue' dinger: 'way of listening; hearing'; ninger (ng-dinger) 'to hear, listen to';peninger
(peng-dinger) 'thing used to hear or listen with'; sininger
(d-in-inger) 'was
heard by, was listened to by'
dingi (CB): 'opposite side; pedingi (pe-dingi) 'on the opposite side' (cf. dipar) dipar: 'opposite side; there (in polite speech, esp. when referring to the loca-
tion of a house)': d. dingi (CB) 'opposite bank'; d. ebha?
'other side of the
river' (cf. dingi)
direm: 'purple, color of a piit' (cf. milem) diri: 'housepost' dita?: 'high, tall' diu?: 'bathe oneself; siniu? (d-in-iu?) (CB) 'was bathed by'; niu? (ng-diu?)
'bathe a baby or disabled adult'; ken diu? teh X 'a formal
greeting meaning;
'how is X'?'
diweh: 'they (dual)' (cf. deteluh, ideh) doo?: 'good': ngedoo? (nge-doo?) 'to make good (after a quarrel, sickness,
etc.)'
duder: 'small freshwater eel that is good to eat' (cf. delo) dueh: 'two' duket: 'to perch (of a bird)'
-I
dulun (CD): 'other people' (cf. demulun, ideh, lemulun) duru? : 'honey'
E ebol (CB): 'ball' (English loan) ebha: 'fall (n.), fall from a height': mebha (em-ebha) 'to fall, of people or
animals falling accidentally: not used of leaves';
ngebha? (ng-cbha)
'deliberately push down'
ebha?: 'water (fresh or salt); river; juice of fruit or meat'; e. rudheng 'oil (from
animal fat)'; ba?en (ebha?-en) 'aorisi passive of ngebha?;
ngebha?(ng-ebha?)
'remove the water, as from a pond to better catch the fish in
it: add water, as
to rice when cooking': sibha? (t-e-i-bha?) 'was watered by'
(cf. bebha?;
lato)
ebhar: loincloth' ebhed (CB): 'tag'; ebhed ebhed 'game of tag played by children' ebheg (CB): 'pulp of tapioca, coconut, etc. that has been squeezed by. twisting
in a cloth': ngebheg (ng-ebheg)'to squeeze the pulp of
tapioca, etc.' ebheh (CB): 'where?' (cf. ngapeh) ebhen1: 'accusation': ngebhen (ng-ebhen) 'accuse' ebhen2: 'sinking into the earth'; ibhen (e-i-bhen) 'having sunk into the earth (of
house posts)': mebhen (em-ebhen) 'sink into the earth
(unintentional action)';
ngebhen (ng-ebhen) 'push a stick into the ground, a needle
into the skin, etc.' ebheng: large bridge; levee, water break in a paddy field' (cf. tadur) ebho: 'act of soothing someone's emotions, as those of a crying baby'; boen
(ebho-en) 'soothe (passive/imperative)'
ebhu (CB): 'cover, wrapping'; ngebhu' (ng-ebhu) to cover' ebhud (CB): 'push something (as rubbish) with the instep of the foot' ebhuh1: 'act of refusing attention after being ignored, as a child'; mebhuh
(ern-ebhuh) 'refuse attention after being ignored'
ebhuh2: 'any length between two joints of the finger, a fingertip and a joint or
a knuckle and a joint'
ebhuk: 'head hair' ebhu1(CB): 'skewer for roasting meat'; ngebhul (ng-ebhul) 'to skewer, as meat
for roasting'
ebhung: 'noose trap of string used to catch birds or small animals'; ngebhung
(ng-ebhung) 'catch birds oi small animals with a noose trap'
edhan: 'notchod log ladder for entering and exiting from longhouse'; nedhan
(ne-edhan) 'put a ladder up'; ngedhan (ng-edhan) 'make a
ladder' edhangl: light, radiance'; e. edho 'daylight, sunlight'; medhang (m-edhang):
'bright'; m. edho 'the day is coming, its morning already!
(phrase used when
walking someone in the morning)' {cf. lekedhang, midang)
edhang2: 'wall hook, on which objects are hung'; ngedhang (ng-edhang) 'put
something on a wall hook' (cf. a?ud)
edha?1: 'handle'; medha? (em-edha?) 'attach a handle' pedha? (p-edha?)
'handle' (cl', etun, tunan)
edha?2: 'temper'; da?et edha? 'bad-tempered' edheh: 'one; there is one' edhen: 'work (n.): suffering' (cf. mededhen) edheng1: 'rung of a ladder' edheng2: 'saliva containing mucus' edhing: 'coming, arrival of someone': medhing (em-edhing) 'arrive' edhi?: 'term of familiarity used among females' (cf. bedhi?) edho: 'day'; e. ma?un (CB) 'day before yesterday'; e. riak 'tomorrow'; e. riak
edheh 'day after tomorrow'; mated edho 'sun'; medho
(m-edho) 'midday' edhuh: 'act of pushing': ngedhuh (ng-edhuh) 'to push (as wood into a fire)' (cf.
menul)
egheng: 'chill, cold (n.)'; megheng (em-egheng) 'shiver'; ngegheng (ng-egheng)
'make someone or something chilly'(cf. gegheng, tegeker)
eghul: 'temperament' ;da?et eghul 'bad-tempered; also used of a person who
has trouble waking up in the morning' (cf. ukul)
ekeb: 'cover, lid, as for a basket'; ikeb (e-i-keb) 'was covered by' (cf. kekeb) ekiw: (see la?al) ekung: 'owl' elab (CB): 'the shaking out of a mat'; ngelab (ng-elab) 'shake out a mat' elad: 'wing of a bird' elak: 'stored in the crotch of a tree branch'; ilak (e-i-lak) 'preterite passive of
ngelak'; ngelak (ng-elak) 'to store something in the
crotch of a tree branch' elang (CB): 'border, place where the jungle borders on a clearing (if one does
not intend to expand the clearing)'; ngelang (ng-elang)
'make a border, as by
clearing away growth between two pieces of land' (cl'.
eleng, erang) ela?: 'want. desire: will (future)' eleg: 'cessation: divorce': leghen (eleg-en) 'aorist passive of meleg': meleg
(em-eleg) to stop': ileg (e-i-leg) 'was stopped by'
elen: 'pillow of wood or corn silk' eleng (CB): 'place where the jungle borders on a clearing (if one intends to
expand the clearing)' (cf. elang, erang)
eling1: 'edge (of a timber, etc.)' eling2: 'pieces of split bamboo used in weaving mats or baskets' (see bulu?) elu1 (CB): land that previously has been farmed and now lies unused, fallow
land' (= elu2?)
elu2 (CB): 'rotted remains of a fruit that has become overripe without being
eaten': melu (m-elu) 'overripe, of fruits': ngelu
(ng-elu) 'allow fruit to
become overripe and go to waste'
elu1: 'pitfall for catching animals' elud2 (CB): 'slippery hillside that has been denuded of foliage' elung1: (see manuk) elung2: 'mouth of a river' eme (CB): 'go, go to' (cf. me2) eme?: 'goat' emes: 'gold' (Malay loan) emung (JU): 'way of gathering'; imung(e-i-mung) 'was gathered by'; ngemung
(ng-emung) 'collect, gather, bring together'; pemung
(p-emung) 'heaped
together'
emu?: 'intimate term of address by an adult man or woman to a younger
female, (something like "my daughter")': emu? ta?ih 'an
even more
intimale term for girls' '(cf. ta?ih)
ena?: 'So-and-So' enem: 'six' enun: 'what?' engat: 'gulping' engep: 'a kiss'; ngepen(engep-en)'aorist passive of ngengep'; ingep (e-i-ngep)
'was kissed by'; ngengep (ng-engep) 'to kiss'; pengep
(p-engep), pepengep
(pep-engep) 'kiss each anolher'
engi: 'that (demonstrative)' (cf. ineh) enggg: 'sound of growling (ononm.)' epak: 'what is split': ipak (e-i-pak) 'was split by', nepak (ne-epak) 'to split
kill an animal with a machete'; ngepak (ng-epak) 'to
split' epa?: 'way of chewing'; mepa?(em-epa?) 'to chew' epat: 'four' epem (CB): 'pump (as a water pump)' (English loan) epid: 'act of intertwining'; ipid(e-i-pid) 'was braided by'; ngepid (ng-epid)'to
braid, interwine', pepepid (pep-epid) 'walk with arms
around each others'
shoulders (of small boys)'
epin: 'sleeping mat' (cf.ugam) epit: 'bamboo tongs for removing charcoal from the fire'; ngepil (ng-epit) 'pick
something up with tongs'
epub: 'the medicine used by a traditional doctor': ngepub (ng-epub) 'treat
someone with traditional medicine'
epun: 'grandparent of: e. Gerawat 'grandparent of Gerawat' (cf. tepuh, tepu? ) eput: 'blowpipe'; ngeput (ng-eput) 'shoot with a blowpipe' erang (CB): 'border, division'; e. tana? 'border' (cf. elang, eleng) eren (PM): 'taboo' (cf. alih) ereng: 'a groan, growl' ngereng (ng-ereng) 'to groan, make a groaning sound (as
a sick person or a ghost), to growl (as a dog)'
eret: 'man's belt'; ngeret (ng-eref) 'tighten by constriction, as a belt' (cf. beret) esag: 'act of splittint;': isag (e-i-sag) 'was split by': nesag (ne-esag) to split
bamboo (for floors in temporary huts)': tesag (t-esag)
'split bamboo for
walls or floors'
eseb: 'any burned-over area, such as that created in the preparation of a
swidden'; e-i-seb 'prcierile passive of ngeseb'; ngeseb
(ng-eseh) 'to burn over
an area'
esem: (see bua?) esit: 'small frog that lives in the stalks of banana trees' (cf. beraok,teleka?) esu: 'continuation of one action into another that follows immediately'; isu
(e-i-su) 'preterile passive of ngesu'; ngesu (ng-esu)
'continue doing one thing
immediately after completing another'
esub: 'act of knocking down'; suben-(esub-en) 'aorist passive of ngesub';
ngesub (ng-esub) 'knock down, as a buffalo or other
corraled animal might
knock down a fence lo escape'
ela: 'fence': ngeta (ng-eta) 'to fence, fence in' eta?: 'slug (animal)' eteb: 'act of cutting: the mark left by cutting'; keteb (k-eteb) 'either of the two
pieces of wood produced by a splitting cut'; geteb
(g-keteb) 'to cut a
longitudinal piece (as a stick) in half
eteh: 'area at the base of the spine: tail-bone' etek: 'popcorn': ngetek (ng-etek) 'make popcorn' eteng: 'button (as on a shirt)': ngeteng (ng-eteng) 'to button' etep (CB): 'bite, mark left by biting': itep (e-i-tep) 'was bitten by'; ngetep (ng-etep) 'to bite' (ambiguous for stems etep; getep: ketep) eti: 'tea' (English loan; cf. t6h)
>
etuk: 'heartbeat' etun: long handle, like a hoe handle' (cf. edha?) etung: 'meeting place' etut: 'a fart', ngetut(ng-etut) 'to fart'
G
gaber: 'picture'-, ngaber (ng-gaber) 'take pictures with a camera' (Malay loan) gagap (PM): 'startled' ngagap (ng-gagap) 'startle someone' (cf. agap) gaing: 'spinning top (popular in competitive games)' galih: 'strong' (cf. kail, tu?eh) garnet: 'hawk' gamung: 'aimless action' ;gamur) gamung 'doing something aimlessly, as child-
ren playing around aimlessly, or housefies buzzing about':
peregamung
(pere-gamung) 'fly around aimlessly, as bees' (cf. pegainung)
gareng (JU): 'roaring (as ;I animal) gatel: 'itchy: red spot from a rash' (cf. mueh) gaun (JU): 'skirt' (English 'gown') gegheng1: 'lifting (as clouds, or an airplane lifting up into the air); the
expression gegheng ieh was used in a traditional ceremony
which included a
contest of strength (kiding berek) in which young men would
lie on the back
and lift a bound, grown pig with one arm'; ngegheng
(ng-gegheg) 'to lift' gegheng2: 'be numb with cold': gegengen (gegheng-en) 'aorist passive of
ngegheng'; ngegheng (ng-geghrng) 'too numb with cold'
geleng (CB): 'armlet for males' (cf. leku?) gelisek: 'ticklish'; ngelisek (ng-gelisek) 'to tickle, as a parent tickling a baby to
make it laugh'
genuluh: 'stalk of a riceplant without grain head' (cf. runguh) geregaji?: 'to saw' (Malay loan) geramih (CB): 'rice straw, rice stubble' (cf. deramih) gerawat: 'tangled, complicated' gerimu?: 'to grin' geriset: 'wrinkle (of skin or clothing)' gerut (CD): 'hard rice thal sticks lo the bottom of the pot afterr cooking'; ngerut
(ng-gerut) 'scrape out hard rice from the bottom of the
pol after cooking' gesimel (CB): 'bed bug' (cf. adel, kutuh, li?a, tumeh) gelep: 'bite', getepen (getep-en) 'aorisi passive of ngetep'; ngetep (ng-getep)'to
bite' (cf. etep, ketep)
getu?en: 'star' (cf. gitu?en) gileg: 'feet nauseated, feel like vomiting when seeing something dingusting;
make a startled movement as when someone pokes you in the
ribs'; ngileg
(ng-gileg) 'dig someone in lhe ribs'
girung (PM): looking for something misplaced' (cf. giwen) gitu?en (CD): (see getu?en) giwen (JU}: 'untidy, having messy habits' gugut: 'bottom incisor tooth'; ngugut (n-gugut) 'bite with the incisors' (cf.
u?it)
guling (JU): (?): guling guling 'shake the head back and forth' guta: 'wade across a river'; getaan (guta-an) 'fording place, place where
people usually wade across a river'; megeta (me-geta) 'help
someone wade
across a river'
I
ian: 'dehortative. don't' (cf. dara?) iat: 'breath; life, spirit, soul'; da?et iat 'sad'; niat (ne-iat) 'to breathe' ibal: 'some' iban: 'parent in law' ibhang: 'hindrance, intervention': nibhang (ng-ibhang) 'hinder, prevent, inter-
vene'
ibha?: 'kind of bark bowl used for emptying water' (cf. ebha?) ibhu?: longitudinal incision made on lhe ventral side of a fish or animal n
remove the viscera': ngibhu?? (ng-ibhu?) 'make such an incision'
idan: 'when?' idang (PM): 'sunlight' (cr midang) ideh: 'they (pl.): other people'; dideh (idih-ideh?) 'theirs' (cf. diweh. deteluh,
dulun)
idih (CB): 'it, thing mentioned; present, as a person' (ken idih ieh 'is he
here/is he present?')
idhung: 'nose' ieh: '3sg. subject and object: he, she, it; dieh (idih-ieh?) 'his' iih: 'who?' ikab: 'opening in the longhouse roof for the entrance of light and for the exit
of smoke from the cooking fire'
iko: '2sg. subject and object; you'; diko (idih-iko?) 'yours' ilad: 'kind of palm, the leaves of which are used for making hats' ilan: 'to lick' ileh1: 'intelligence, cleverness'; mileh (m-ileh) 'clever' ileh2: 'unit of measurement equal to about one yard' iiek: 'armpit' I ilun: 'nail of finger or toe'; i. tidhu? 'fngernail', i. kukud 'toenail', i. item
(lit 'black nail') 'tip of the fingernail'
ilung: 'seed, corn kernel; meaning, purpose' (enun ilung muyuh marih idih?
'what is your purpose in coming here?'); i. tenur: 'testicle'
(cf. tenuran) ilut: 'cane used for caning'; ngilut (ng-ilut) 'strike someone with rattan, as in
punishment'
imet: 'a grasp, hold on something'; nimet (in-imet) 'was held by';: ngimet
(ng-imet) 'to grasp, hold' (cf. itan)
inam: 'a figure; act of counting'; nginam (ng-inam) 'to count' (cf. itung) inan: 'reason' ina?: 'my daughter (term of address?)' inat: 'a pull. tug'; nginat (ng-inat)'to pull, tug'; pepinat (pep-inat) 'tug-of-war' ineh: 'that (demonstrative)': kineh(k-ineh) 'that way' (cf. engi) inih: 'this'; kinih (k-inih) 'this way; now' io: 'knife' ipa?1: 'black skin mole' ipa?2: leaf used as a seasoning agent' i?ik (JU): (see labo) i?ir: 'sharpened'; ngi?ir (ng-i?ir) 'to sharpen' (cf. asa, tadem) i?it : little, small' (cf. kedi?it, si'?it) irang (CD): 'slope of a mountain' (cf. tukedh ) irat: 'coming'; mirat (me-irat) 'come' (let ngapeh iral muyuh 'where do you
come from?'); i.edho 'direction of the rising sun'
iro: 'madness, insanity'; miro (m-iro) 'mad, insane' irup: 'what is dnink; way of drinking'; mirup (em-irup) 'to drink'; nirup
(in-irup) 'was drunk by'; rupan (irup-an) 'watering hole for
animals in the
jungle'; rupen (imp-en) 'aorist passive of mirup'; ngirup
(ng-irup) 'to drink'
(children's speech): pemirup (pemirup) 'container used to
hold something to
drink (jar, glass, etc.)'
isa?: 'what one deserves' (in the expression: ku isa? muh 'serves you right!') iseh: 'a file, instrument for filing'; ngiseh (ng-iseh) 'to file' isip1 (CB): 'plate with thin, glossy leaves which are used to wrap rice cakes,
packages of rice, etc.'
isip2: 'sheets of tin (before being made into tin cans)' isi?: 'contents' (Malay loan): nisi? (in-isi?) 'was filled by', ngisi? (ng-isi?) 'to
fill'(cf. uang)
isud1: 'marrow' (cf. used) isud2: 'sigh of relief itan: 'hold, grasp' (cf. imet) item (GT): 'blackness'; mitem (m-item) (CB) 'black'; ngitem (ng-item) 'black-
en, darken'; item-item 'dirty'.
iti: 'recognition'; ngiti (ng-iti) 'recognize someone', pepiti (pep-iti) 'recognze
one anolher'
iti?: female breast'; miti? (em-iti?) 'to suck, as a baby sucking at the
breast'; ngiti? (ng-iti?) 'to suckle, as a mother sucking
her baby' itun: 'a question': nitun (in-itun) 'was asked by', tunen (itun-en) 'aorist
passive of ngitun'; ngitun (ng-itun) 'ask a question';
pepitun (pep-itun)
'question one another'
itung: 'a figure', act of Counting'; ngitung (ng-itung) 'to count' (probably a Malay
loan: cf. inam) I
iuh: 'elbow': miuh (ein-iuh) 'accidentally knock with the elbow'; ngiuh (ng-
iuh) 'to elbow, knock with lhe elbow'; piuh (p-iuh) 'knock
one another with
the elbow' !
iuk (?): iuk iuk (JU) little by little' iung: 'rectangular wooden platform slightly hollowed out, with a hole in the
center in which rice is pounded'; lobang iung 'the hole in
the center of the
iung'; betueh iung 'a wooden extension of the iung
which lies under the
lobang iung and catches lhe rice'
iup: 'blowing'; ngiup (ng-iup) 'to blow' iur: 'tail (animal)'; iur iur 'used of someone who wants to be behind all the
time in his work'
iwa?: 'nine'
J
jawa: 'foreign country' (see peretak)
julung: 'prow of a canoe' (cf. udhih)
K
kaber: 'pineapple' (see bua?)
kabing: lefl side': pekabing (pe-kabing) 'on the left side'
kadang: long, as a stick' (cf. rawir)
kadi?1: 'because'
kadi?2 (CB): 'small'
kail: 'strong (of a person)' (cf. galih, tu?eh)
kak: ('?)'. kak kak 'sound of cackling (onom.)'
kalang: 'thick creeper from which latex is collected'
kalat: 'rope' (cf. nuper)
kamih: 'we (pi. excl.)': dikamih (idih-kamih?) 'ours' (cf. kediweh,
keleluh,
kiteh, tauh, teluh)
kanid: 'cousin, child of MZ, MB,FZ or FB'; k. dedhur 'female cousin'; k.
dela?ih 'male cousin (reference)', k. la?ih 'male cousin
(address)': k.
midhed 'first cousin'
kapak: 'axe' (Malay loan, cf. uay) kapal: 'thick' kapeh: 'how?' kapur: lime, chalk' karar: 'a slant': ngarar (ng-karai-) 'place something in a slanting position' karo: 'act of scratching': ngaro (ng-karo) 'scratch an itchy part' (cf. ngeramit) karuh (CB): 'what is said, words'; nekaruh (ne-karuh) 'to talk, speak' kasang (CB): 'peanuts' (Malay loan) katem (CB): 'wood plane, implement for planing wood' kato: locust, grasshopper' k. umeng 'cricket' katu: 'ancestor, descendant; a continuation of anything' (cf. pekatu)
kawan: 'friend' (Malay loan; cf. paad) kawit: 'accidentally cut or scratched by being brushed with a machete (as
when working next to someone cutting grass)'
kaya?: 'weak' kayep: 'swimming'; kayep kayep 'dog-paddle in the water'; perekayep
(pere-kayeh) 'to swim for one's life (GT); to dog-paddle (CB)'
(cf. languy)
kayuh: 'wood, tree'; k apuy 'firewood'; k. aru?
'casuarina (used for
firewood)'; k. ipak 'small logs used in fireplace'; k. main
'cinnamon', k.
tumuh '.soft wood tree with fine grain and thick, oval leaves
(used for timber
and for obtaining resin for lamps)'
ke-: 'ordinal prefix for numerals' kedaluh: 'a fight, quarrel; kindaluh (k-in-edaluh) 'preterite passive of nge-
daluh'; ngedaluh (ng- kedaluh) 'to fight, quarrel with';
pekedaluh (pep-
kedaluh) 'fight each other' (cf. daluh)
kedelan: 'choke, choke on' (cf. meker, pekan) kedi?it: little, small in amount, of time' (na?it kedi?it 'wait a little') (cf. i?it,
si?it)
kediweh: 'we (dual excl.)' (cf. kamih, keteluh, kiteh, tauh, teluh) keduit (JU): ladle, scoop' kedha: 'able to withstand pain'; kedaan (kedha-an) 'suffering'; ngedha, (ng-
kedha) 'suffer'
kedhep: 'a blink, act of blinking'; kedhep kedhep 'blink constantly or
repeatedly'
kejem: 'a grimace'; nekejem (ne-kejem) 'to grimace, make a face' kekal: 'break off, snap off; ngekal(ng-kekal) 'to pick, pluck froif kekeb (CB): lid, cover of something'; ngekeb (ng-kekeb) 'to cover' (cf, a?eb,
ekeb)
kekelit: 'small insectivorous bat' (cf. pawat) kekeng(CB): 'to shrink, as clothing' kelab: 'flapping', nekelab (ne-kelab) 'flap the wings, as a rooster before
crowing' (cf. nekebher)
kelabet(CB): 'gibbon' (cf. bedhuk, berangad, kuyad) kelatih (CB): 'earthworm' (cf. kereruer, uled) kelawa? (PM): 'spider' (cf. kelelawa?) keled (JU): 'kind of black and red spotted fish with a large mouth' kelelawa? (CB): 'spider' (cf. kelawa.?) kelibung: 'material, fabric (G'l'): clothing (CB)' (cf. anuk) kelingay: 'mirror', ngelingay (ng-kelingay) look in the mirror' kelio: 'wild ox with large involuted horns: Bos gaurus (nearly extinct at the
time of data collection in 1969)
keli? (CB): 'know (facts)' keluit: 'fishhook': ngeluit (ng-keluit) 'to fish with hook and line' kemu?: 'short (height, length), brief; to summarize' ken1: 'according to (someone or something)' ken2: 'particle used to form yes-no questions' kenaman (CB): 'pass out' (cf, redhan) kenanak: 'sibling'; k. delaih 'brother (can also be used for a close friend)', k.
dedhur 'sister'; k. i?it (CB) 'younger sibling'; k.
rayeh (CB) 'older sibling' kenangan: 'the nipa palm: Nipa fruticans' kenen: 'eat (imperative)' (see kuman, nuk) kenep (CB): 'each, every'; k. edho 'each day, every day' keniw: 'eagle' kenu?: 'sexual intercourse (vulgar)'; ngenu? (ng-kenu?), pekenu? (pep-kenu?)
'to have sexual intercourse' (cf. patot, sait)
kepit: 'shrunken (as a bean that has dried)' keraad: 'palate' keramut: 'small mango variety' (see bua?) kera?: 'crab' I kerayab: 'sit in a sloppy or disrespectful manner, sit with limbs akimbo' kereb1: 'permitted, allowed; can, able, capable' kereb2: 'fit, suitability, compatibility with desire'; doo? kereb to just fit (as
shoes)', doo? kereb ain 'just sweet enough (of taste)'
kereja (CB): 'work' (Malay loan) kerekern: 'claw'; ngerekem (ng-kerekem) 'to claw, scratch with claws' kereruang (CB): land snail' (cf. akep, keruang) kereruar(CB): 'intestinal worm, flatworm' (cf. kelatih, uled) kerid: 'vegetables (generic)' keruang (CB): land snail" (cf. akep, kereruang) kerubaw: 'carabao, water buffalo' (loan, probably from Malay) kerud (CB): 'a scrape or abrasion'; ngrud (ng-kerud) 'to scrape something' keted: 'back (human)'; neketed (ne-kete4) 'turn one's back on someone';
peketed (pep-keted) 'sit back to back'
keleluh: 'we (trial excl.)' (cf. kamih, kediweh, kiteh, tauh, teluh) ketep: 'mark left by a bite'; ngetep (u-ketep) 'to bite (considered less crude
than ngubit)' (cf. etep,. getep)
keter(CB): (see labo) ketian: 'thread' (Malay loan) ketuh: 'very, really'; doo? ketuh 'very good' keturu?: 'get hurt' kiding: lifting'; k. berek 'pig lifting (traditional contest in which men would
see who could lift a pig)'; ngiding (ng-kiding) 'to lift'
kiki (CB): 'hair that is shaved off; r)iki (D-kiki) 'shave offhair' kikid: 'vegetable soup' kilat(CB): lightning' kilu?: 'bend, curve (as a road)'; kemilu? (k-em-ilu?) 'move in a winding or
meandering manner'; kinilu? (k-in-ilu?) 'result of
bending (e.g. if a tree
falls across a path and a detour must be made around it
the new path is
called kinilu?)'; ngilu? (ng-kilu?) 'bend something'
kibet(JU): 'heal' (cf. pali?) kimuh: 'abscess, boil' kinan: (see kuman) kineh (JU): 'that way' (cf. inch) kinih: 'now; this way' (cf. inih) ki?ik (CB): 'bamboo piece turned by a wind-driven propeller so as to creak
and frighten birds from the fields'; ngeki?ik
(nge-ki'/ik) 'to creak (trees in the
wind, doors when opened, floorboards underfoot)'
kiteh: 'we dual (inci.)' (cf. kamih, kediweh, keteluh, tauh, teluh)
kopi: 'coffee' (English loan) ku: 'sentence particle (?)'; cf. ku isa? muh 'serves you right!' kuan (CB): 'to, for (a person)' kubil: leather, hide, as of deer or buffalo' (cf. anit) kuden: 'earthen pot' kudhuy: 'stretch out onej's legs' kuh: 'lsg. agent and possessor; me, my* ku?: 'for': ku? enun 'for what = why?' kuir (JU): 'clouded leopard' kuk: (?); kuk kuk: 'sound of a dog barking (onom.)' kukud: 'foot, leg' kuku?uk: 'sound of cawing (onom.)' kukur (CB): 'kind of pigeon (turtle dove? )' (cf. meto) kulat1: 'mushroom, toadstool' kulat2: 'wake up' (cf. tu?i) kulit: 'skin (of people, animals, fruits, trees, bamboo)'; rice husk (singular: see
padek), ngulit (ng-kulit) 'to skin (fruits, small
tree, bamboo)' kulub: 'hollowed log laid inverted over the ridge of the roof to shed rain,
ridgepole cover'
kuman: 'to eat'; kinan (k-in-an) 'was eaten by (with incipient fossilization of
the verb morphology)'; penguman (peng-kuman)
'anything eaten with rice'
(cf. peman)
ku?an (CB): 'splinter' ku?el: 'wrist' ref ku?uk: 'cawing of a crow'; neku?uk (ne-ku?uk)'to caw, of a crow' kuri: 'ringworm; affected by ringworm' (cf. pulang) kusay: 'small onion, leek: Allium porrum' (Malay loan) kutang (CB): 'cockroach' kutuh: 'head louse, louse in the hair' (cf. adel, gesimel, li?a, tumeh) kuyad (CB): 'small gray, long-tailed monkey: long-tailed macaque' (cf.
bedhuk, berangad, kelabet)
kuyat: 'a scratch on the ground, as that made by a fowl in searching for food;
the act of scratching'; nekuyat (ne-kuyat) 'to
scratch the ground' kuyu?: 'buckskin garment that covers only the arms. worn for protection
while engaged in certain types of work' (cf. sapa?)
L laab: 'quicksand, soft mud in which people or animals sink when they walk
(buffaloes often die in this)'
laak1: 'ripe (fruits); cooked (stative)'; lakan (laak-an) 'ripeness'; laken
(laak-en) 'thing cooked'; linaak (I-in-aak) 'was cooked by';
ngelaak (ng-
laak) 'to cook (rice)' (cf. lened, tanek)
laak2: 'year' laam: 'sour' laba (JU): 'pass by'; gelaba (g-laba) 'overtake' (cf. pelaba) labing: 'buttress roots, as the roots of the Casuarina' (cf. ramut, uat) labo: 'meat' labo: (?), 1. i?ik: 'rat'; 1. keler 'squirrel' labuh: 'gray, color of darker clouds'; labuh labuh (JU) 'dusty'; lemabuh
(l-em-ahuh) 'gel oncscll covered wilh dust or ashes, as a child
playing in
the dirt, throw a temper tantrum (= 'roll in the dirt')' (cf.
abuh) ladeh: 'red chili pepper': ngeladeh (ng-ladeh) 'make food hot by spicing it wilh
red chili pepper'
lai: 'outside, the outside of: pelai (pe-lai): 'outside (as outside a social
group)' (cf. aping)
lajang: 'heavy iron cooking pot' lakut (CB): 'the bending of a branch or the tip of a bamboo stalk; act of
pulling a branch or the lip of a bamboo stalk down':
belakut (be-lakut) 'beni
down, of a branch or the tip of a bamboo stalk'; binlakut
(b-in-e-lakut).
linakut (l-in-akut) 'preterite passive of melakut': melakut
(ng-be-lakut)
'bend or pull a branch of bamboo stalk over
lalaw: 'mythical dragon that lives in the river laled: 'black housefly' (cf. lango) lalid: 'ear' (cf. dalid) laman: 'pasture for buffalos lamud1: 'mixture': ngelamud (nge-lamud), melamud (ng-pe-lamud)'to mix':
pelamud (pelamud) 'mixed'
lamud2: 'yeast' lana: 'smooth and shiny, as a bald head': ngelana (ng-lana) 'make smooth' (cf.
tepi) I
lanit: 'skinning, peeling off; linanit (I-in-anit) 'was skinned by'; ngelanit
(ng-lanit) 'to skin, peel bark from trees' (cf. anit)
langan: 'blowpipe dart' ; langit: 'sky' lango: large bluish-green fly, horsefly' (cf. laled) langu?: 'brother-in-law, sister-in-law' languy: 'swimming': languy languy 'dog-paddle in the water'; lemanguy
(1-
em-anguy) 'swim for fun or enjoyment; float'; selanguy
(se-languy) 'float'
(cf. kayep)
lao: 'glossy, as the fur of a healthy animal' lapung: lamp' (from Malay lampu; cf. dawan) laput: 'cloud' la?al: 'chicken'; 1.ekiw 'heron' la?eh: 'more (some still left)' la?ih: 'male'; 1. rayeh 'old man' (cf. babuy,dela?ih) la?ud 'downriver, toward the sea'; mela?ud (me-la?ud) 'downriver' la?uh: 'hungry' lati?: 'swidden, dry rice field; work on a swidden'; 1. baa? 'rice paddy, wet
rice field' (cf. kereja)
lato: 'oily (from animal fat)' (cf. ebha? rudheng) lau?: 'warm. hot': 1. dame 'lukewarm' lawe: 'walk': lawe lawe 'walk about aimlessly'; linawe (I-in-awe) 'walked; a
trip, journey'
laya?: 'soft'; ngelaya? (ng-laya?) 'soften' layo(CB): 'tame, docile'; ngelayo (ng-layo) 'tame an animal' layuh: 'wither'; lemayuh (l-em-ayuh) 'to wither (as a plant withering of its
own accord)'; linayuh (I-in-ayuh) 'preterite passive of
ngelayuh'; ngelayuh
(ng-layuh) 'make something wither, as by pulling it close
to the fire' 1eh: ' term of familiarity used among males' ledham (CB): 'nauseated, as from eating too much pork fat' lega: 'bench; floor in jungle hut' leghu?: 'thunder' leh: 'about to (do)' (leh me uih I'm going to go /l want to go') lekak (PM): 'peeling'; ngelekak (n-lekak) 'peel or take off the top layer' lekat: 'give up some activity voluntarily' lekedhang (CB): 'morning' (cf. edhag, uka) leki?: 'high-pitched, as a girl's voice' (cf. dengur) lekoa: large variety of ginger: Alpinia galanga' (cf. lieh) leku?: 'bracelet of plant fibers, ivory, etc. worn by females' (cf. geleng) leleg: 'residue left after drinking something' leleng: 'dam made of branch
in the river'
lem: 'at, in'; 1. uang 'inside' lematek: 'jungle leech' lemek: 'fat of an animal, grease' (cf. lemuh) lemuh: 'fat, obese (people, ailimals)' (cf. lemuh) lemulun (CB): 'person, humap being' (cf. demulun, dulun) lemuned (JU): 'in the middle' (cf. uned) lena? (PM): 'recede, of river water' (cf. ngena?) lened (CB): 'cooking of vegetables'; gelened (g-lened) 'cook vegelables' (c.f
laak, tanek) :
lengen: 'arm' lengu: 'slipped off (silirt, snike skin. etc.)': ngelengu (o-legu) 'take off, remove
anything that encircles, as a bracelet, necklace, shirt'
(cf. selengu) lepag: 'chipped' lepa? (CB); 'foam. suds' lepeku?: 'very small pond' (cf. takung) lepo: 'hut in the jungle where one can stay overnight when travelling away
from the village; temporary shelter'; 1. pade 'rice
granary' let: 'from' leta?: 'a crack; cracked' liang: 'under'; 1. ruma?' 'area under the longhouse, where domesticated
animals are kept'; peliang(pe-liang) 'below beneath'
libuh1 (JU): 'a fruit, the guava: Psidium guava' libuh2(CB): 'round'; ngelibuh (ng-libuh) 'to circle; make something round' libut (CB): 'circle': ngelibut (ng-libut) 'go around'; pelibut (pe-libut) (CB):
'encircle, surround game in hunting'
lidik (JU): 'cutting of undergrowth'; lemidik (l-em-idik) 'cut undergrowth' lidha?: 'sputum (saliva that has been expectorated)'; ngelidha? (ng-lidha?) 'to
spit' (cf. aka?, redhen)
lieh: 'small variety of ginger: Zingiber officinale' (cf. lekoa)
liget (CB): 'turning of the head': lemiget (l-em-iget) 'turn the head'; liget liget
'turn the head this way and lhal repeatedly';
ligeten (ligct-en) 'aorist
passive of liget'
liip (CB): 'sound made by contracting the lips and sucking in the breath
forcefully, as in pain or when tasting something with
an intensely bitter or
sweet quality: smack the lips'
lili: 'covetous (after things)' (cf. manga) limeh 'five' lino: 'calm and clear, of water (esp. in a paddy field)' linuh: 'thought, sentiment: the shuddering feeling experienced when someone
scratches bamboo with the fingernails': ngelinuh
(ng-linuh) 'to think' lipa (JU): (see lipeh) lipang: (?): I. pade: 'rice with empty husk (no grain inside)' lipeh (CB): 'side, as of the body' lipen: 'tooth' lipi: 'thin, of materials' (cf. nipi, rugu?) li?a: louse egg, nit' (cf. adel, gesimel, kutuh, tumeh)
,
li?ip: 'shoulder blade, scapula' li?o: 'crystal clear, as water that one can see through to the bottom'; keli?o
(ke-li?o) 'understand': ngeli?o (i]-keli?o) 'know'
liu? (JU): 'slippery' lobang: 'hole' (Malay loan): lobang lalid 'aperture of the ear' (cf. lubang) luang: 'fish'; 1. pelian 'large fish that is caught with the use of tubeh. This is
the largest fish in thp Bario area, and the most
important fish eaten by the
Kelabit people'
lubang ruma?: 'individual door or compartment in the longhouse' (probably =
lobang)
lubid (JU): 'act of rolling over'; ngelubid (ng-lubid) 'roll something over (as a
log)' (cf. rier)
ludek: 'mud' lueng: 'dent, depression'; ngelueng (ng-lueng) 'to dent, make a dent or depression
in something'
luka?: 'fall (while on the ground), slip and fall down' (cf. petedheng, tutu?) Iuko?: 'rolled tobacco' (cf. siguk) lulud: 'shin' lulun: 'a roll of something': linulun (I-in-ulun) 'was rolled up by'; ngelulun (ng-
lulun) 'roll up (a mat, tobacco leaf, etc.)'
lumut: 'moss' lun: 'person, people (in certain expressions only)' lunek: 'thick, juicy lining inside the seed coat in a jack:fruit' lunu?: 'gums' lunging: 'rice mortar' lungun(CB): 'coffin (term used by older generation)' (cf. benang) lupa (JU): 'naked' (cf. uang uang) lupu (I'M): to overflow, boil over (of liquids, in cooking)' (cf. ubhir) lupuk: 'blister' lupung: 'a float; lo floal (as a dead leaf)'; lemupung (l-em-upung) 'to float (as a
fish)' (cf. belel)
lu?eh: 'sleepiness'; lu?eh lu?eh 'sleepy'; ngelu?eh (ng-lu?eh) 'be sleepy' lutak: 'muddy, dirty (from work or play)' (cf. luyu?) lutut: 'muddy (of unclear water)' luud (CB): (?): luud luud 'slide back and forth while sitting' luun: 'on, upon'; peluun (pe-luun) 'above' luyu?: 'dirty, untidy' (cf. lutak)
M
mabuk (CB): 'drunk' mado: 'far' (cf. muneng) madu: 'forehead' mae? (JLJ): 'to love' (cf. mawa) majan: 'papaya' (see bua?) malem: 'several days ago; dark (used in this sense only by older generation
according to CB)'; ngi malem 'yesterday' (cf. alem; ngilad)
rnameg (JU): 'slap someone on the back accidentally' manuk: 'bird': m.elung 'jungle fowl' manga: 'greedy (for food; cf. lili)' ma?un: 'first (in a contest); old (of things)'; pema?un (pe-ma?un) 'in front
of, ahead of (cf. dadan, ngered)
marih: 'come' manin: 'color of the smoke-darkened area around a fireplace' mata?: 'raw, unripe, uncooked' mateh: 'eye' matu?1: 'approach, move toward something as a result of definite, intentional
action'
matu?2: look after someone (as a child); observe' mawa (PM): 'surprised' mawan(CB): 'seen, visible' mayad (JU): leak out little by little, as rice from a hole in a basket' (cf. rurug) maya?: 'direction; follow; in accordance with' mayung: 'to spear' (cf. buso) me1: 'and, with' me2: 'go. go to'; mine(m-in-e) 'went. went to' (cf. eme) mededhen: 'work at something, as a craft (cf. edhen) medueh: 'you (dual)' (cf. meteluh, muyub) meghel (CB): 'stay with a small child to make him sleep' mekaar: 'wind wire or rattan around something' meker: 'have something stuck in the throat' (cf. kedelan, pekan) mekud: 'poke someone or something that is above you (fruit, person, object
lodged in a tree branch) with a stick to make it fall or
come down' mela1: 'cleared, of an area in the jungle' mela2: 'to massage' melepet: 'to corrupt the form of a word' meliun: 'million' (English loan) melukung: 'carry a child, basket or anything non-elongated on the shoulders' menad: 'climb stairs or a tree' menaken: 'nephew, niece' (see anak) menebhur: 'rice porridge' menegeg: 'mythical monster that lives in rivers and lakes' menegeg: 'hornbill sp.' (cf. metuy, temengang) menerang: 'poisonous snake, type of cobra' menipal: 'generic term for poisonous insects and other creepy-crawly creatures
(including centipedes, scorpions, spiders)'; m. kera?
'scorpion' menul: 'push something standing upright' (cf. eduh) meri (JU): 'dried up. as a stream' metanur: 'chase (as an animal in the hunt)' metapu? (JU): 'to marry, be married; to add' metatad (JU): 'remind .someone to do something' meteluh: 'you (trial)' (cf. medueh, muyuh) meti? (CB): 'to kick' meto: 'pigeon with metallic greenish breast' (cf. kukur) mututub: hit someone else's face on the foor (as in a fight)' metuy: 'hrnbill sp. with long tail feathers' (cf. menengang, temengang) midang (CB): 'sunlight, daylight'; beruh m. 'daylight hours from about 8 to 10
in the morning': me m. 'to go dry something-in the sun'
(cf. edhang1, idang) midih: (cf. nuk) midheh: 'first; once, cut through wood with a single stroke' (cf. edheh, kanid) migu? (JU): 'ashamed' mija (CB): 'table' (Malay loan) milem: 'purple, color of a bruise, "black and blue' "(cf. direm) milo: 'glaring, of bright sunlight on the surface of water' (cf. silo) miluh(CB): 'eat something poisonous so as to become sick and vomit' mubud (CB): 'pour water into a pot' mubut (CB): 'step on something (as a nail) that pierces the foot' mudang (JU): 'stay at home when one would normally go out, as during work-
ing hours'
mudhih: 'behind, last'; pemudhih (pe-mudhih) 'at the back, behind' mueh: 'pimple' (cf. gatel) muh: '2sg. agent and possessor: you, your' mukul (PM): 'disposition'; da?et mukul lazy'; doo? mukul 'diligent' (cf.
eghul, ukul)
mula?: 'much, many' muli?: 'return home' muned (CB): 'correct' (= connected with uned 'middle'?) muneng: 'near' (cf. mado) muno: 'behavior, sense of how to behave': na?em muno 'foolish (of a child)'
(cf. serawe)
munung: 'face' mupun (CB): 'grandchild' mura? (JU): 'transfer' murat: to bleed'(cf. dara?) muru?: 'wash (dishes, hands)' (cf. pupu?) mutuh: 'to ask, request something (an object, favor, etc.)' muut: 'turn around and go back' muyuh: 'you (pl.)'; dimuyuh (idih-muyuh?) 'yours' (cf. medueh, meteluh)
N
nakan: 'small jackfruit variety' (see bua?) namuk: 'sandfly' (cf. tukung) nanan (CB): 'kind of stinging insect' nana?: 'pus' nani: 'sing'; menani (me-nani?) (CB) 'sing' (Malay loan) nange: 'there (where the receiver is, esp. the receiver of a letter)' (cf. ngi engi,
ng-ineh)
na?an: 'soon, near future (within the same day or hour)' (cf. riak) na?eh: 'just now, a moment ago' na?em: 'no, none, don't have' na?ul: 'throw away rubbish' nari (CB): 'to measure' natad: 'open ground near the longhouse where children like to play spinning
tops'
nateng: 'dammar, tree resin (burned in torches)' nauk(CB): 'boiling, starting to bubble' naun: 'steam: neh1: 'already' neh2: '3sg, agent and possessor; him, his, her, hers. It, Its' nekebher: 'to flap or flutter a few times, as a bird flapping its wings before
flying' (cf. kelab)
nekilo1: 'frighten birds or animals (but not people)' nekilo2: 'just barely glimpsed, as a fish under the water' nepipin (JU): 'arrange, put in order' nesinge?: 'to low, of a carabao' nipi: 'thin, of materials (less common than lipi, q.v.)' nituh: 'section of housepost from the betadan upward' nuba?: 'cooked rice' nuk: 'thing, substance'; n. kenen 'food'; n. midih 'property' nukat: 'to dig' nulis: 'write' (Malay loan; cf. ayud, urit) nutud (CD): to burn' nutun (CB): 'to taste, try, challenge' nutuy (JU): 'in travelling, stay behind someone who is slow to keep him or her
moving'
nabang: 'ambush someone' ngadan: 'name'; petengadan (pep-te-ngadan) name-calling, calling one another
names'; tengadan (te-ngadan)'be given a name'
ngadel: 'dull, blunt' ngae: 'slow' ngae?1: 'hummingbird' ngae?2: 'pity. sympathy'; ng. ada? 'pity his soul!; pity him!' ngai: 'sound of a baby crying (onom.)' ngale: 'fox' nganga: 'gape (n)': nganga nganga 'open and close the mouth habitually or
involuntarily' (cf. tenganga)
ngangeh: 'mouth of bubuh fish trap' ngapeh: 'where?' (cf. ebheh) nga?eh: 'horn' (cf.(aduk) ngaro: 'snatch something from someone' ngaur (CO): 'remove rice from the pot and wrap it after cooking' ngayung: 'recite an incantation over a sick: person to assist his recovery' ng?: 'sound of a carabao lowing (onom.)' ngegha, (CB): 'rub the eyes, as when something has gotten inside and is
irritating them'
ngeh: 'ligature linking lower numerals with pulu?, ratu or ribuh' ngelab (CB): 'apply a poultice' ngele: 'pick the weak point in the line when fighting the enemy' ngeletad: 'make a backward stroke with the leg, of fighting cocks' (cf, teletad) ngelima: 'rub something between the palms of the hands' ngen1: 'and, with' ngen2: 'particle preceding personal names and titles' ngen3: 'to' ngena? (JU): 'recede, of the river' (cf. lena?) ngeraad: 'to hunt with spears and dogs' (cf. badil) ngeramit: 'scratch hard (as a cat)' (cf. karo) ngered: 'old (people): almost ripe (fruits)' (cf. dadan, ma?un) ngeren : 'pregnant, of people (more polite than malih)' ngerimer (JU): 'to wrinkle something' ngerurung: 'rinse, wash out the mouth or other object that is not scrubbed out
with the hand, but rather rinsed out with water'
ngi: 'at; of; about'; ngengi (ngi engi) there (not near addressee)'; ngineh (ngi ineh)
'there, at that place (near addressee)': nginih (ngi inih)
'here, at this place':
ngilai (ngi lai) 'outside'
ngiet: 'tie something so that it hangs down' ngiil: 'to lick' gilad: 'several days ago (further in the past than malem)' ngilan1(PM): 'crop of a bird' ngilan2: 'pith of a corn kernal' ngilang (JU): to soothe, as a crying child' ngilud (CB): 'burn a pig to remove the skin' ngitel: 'to pinch' nguam (CB): 'strike someone with a downward blow of the fist' (cf. bukut) ngudeh: 'why?' ngukab (CD): 'to open, as a door' ngukul: 'poke into any kind of hole with a finger, stick, etc.' ngupat: 'answer, respond to (an accusation, etc.)' ngusu: 'push something .into' ngusul : let or cause something to slide lengthwise (as someone sliding a log
down a hill)'
P
paad: level cut as at the end of a piece of lumber: same': paad paad 'go
together, match, be compatible (as personalities)'; piaaad
(p-in-aad) 'friend'
(cf. kawan)
padang (CB): 'field' pade: 'riceplant, rice in the field' padek: 'rice husk (collective term)' (cf. kulit) padi: 'brush against when passing' paet(CB): 'chisel' (cf. pa?et) pajar (CB): 'lean on'; majar (ng-pajar)'to lean something on something else' pajung: 'flattery'; majung (ng-pajung) 'to flatter' pakay (CB): 'to use' (Malay loan) pakel (IV): 'decorative binding of palm fibers worn just under the knee' pako?: 'a nail' (loan, probably from Malay); mako? (ng-pako?)'to nail, ham-
mer a nail'
pakub: 'a knock; a striking together (of two objects, people colliding, etc,)';
makub (ng-pakub) 'knock, strike together'
palad (CB): 'palm of the hand, sole of the foot' (cf. penalad) palang: 'a cross' palid: 'blown away, as papers in the wind'; malid (ng-palid) 'let something be
blown away by the wind' (malid pade 'winnow rice by
tossing the grains in
the air on a winnowing basket so that the wind will carry
off the husk') pali? (JU): 'heal' (cf. kibet) paluh: 'flour made from the pith of a thorny palm, acquired in trade from the
Penan'
pana1: 'slingshot' pana2 (PM): 'sweat' pana?: 'act of spinning, as a top'; mana? (ng-pana?) 'spin a top at someone
else's top to hit it and knock it out; hit and sting, of
bees in a swarm striking
one by one'; pinana? (p-in-ana?) 'preterite passive of
mana?' s panid (JU): 'enough; everyone' (cf. sukup) pango: 'bald' (cf. butal) pa?eh: 'thigh' pa?en1: 'areca palm and nut' pa?en2: 'carrying stick'; ma?en (ng-pa?en) 'carry something long on the
shoulders
pa?et: 'chisel (cf. paet) pa?id: 'duster, mop, anything used to wipe; accidental wiping':; ma?id
(ng-pa?id) 'wipe'; pina?id (p-in-a?id) 'was wiped by'
pa?it: 'bitter' pa?uh: 'fern that grows by the riverbank' paran (CB): 'traditional upper class in native social system' (cf. demulun) para?: latex' parir: 'poison (any poison, including that for blowpipe darts)'; marir (ng-parir)
'poisonous' (cf. rasun)
pasiw: 'sold'; masiw (ng-pasiw) 'to sell', pepasiw (pep-pasiw) 'to trade, sell to
one another'; pinasiw (p-in-asiw) 'was sold by'
patar: 'alluvial plain' pate (CB): 'death of someone'; perepate (pere-pate) 'commit suicide ' (cf.
ate2)
patot(IV): 'to mate (used for animals; vulgar if used for humans)' (cf. kenu?,
sait)
patuk: 'sharpened and of arrow; arrowhead (of tin)' patun: 'a dam' pau: 'broken through (as a dam), penetrated'; mau (ng-pau) 'push a sharp point
through'
pawat: large fruit bat, flying fox' (cf. kekelit) payeh: 'watery, swamp-like area in the jungle' payo: 'deer'; p. runga? 'kind of deer with horns' (cf. tela?o) payung(CB): 'umbrella' (Malay loan; cf. ra?ung) pe-: 'locative particle' (see dingi, liang, luun, ma?un, mudhih) pebhed1(CB): 'end, extremity' (cf. peped) pebhed2(JU); 'way of tying' kepebhed (ke-pebhed) 'act of tying' (cf. bebhed) pedala?(JLJ): 'casting net'; medala? (ng-pedala?) 'to fish with casting net'
(Malay loan)
pededhan (CB): 'put something on top of something else, as the right foot on
the left knee when silting with legs crossed'
pedekan (PM): 'to choke' pedeket: 'hem, stitch, line of sewing on clothes'; medeket (ng-pedeket) 'to
sew'; pindeket (p-in-e-deket) 'was sewed by'
pedhi?: 'salty' peduh: 'gall, gall bladder'; na?em pedhuh 'idiotic, inconsiderate' pegamung: 'twisted or tangled, as thread or hairs'; megamung (ng-pegamung)
'twist or tangle up something, as thread or hairs';
pinggamung (p-in-egarnung)
'was twisted or tangled by' (cf. garnung, with which this
form probably is
related)
peh1: 'so far, til now' peh2: 'so that, in order to' pejadi? (CB): 'to promise' (Malay loan) pekaa? (JU): 'changing, as a name'; mekaa? (ng-pekaa?) 'change' pekak: 'cackling'; nepekak (ne-pekak) 'to cackle, of a hen about to lay an egg
or a chicken that is disturbed'
*
pekakang : 'be spread apart, stretched (of forceps that have been forced apart)';
mekakang (ng-pekakang) 'to spread or force apart, of
forceps' pekatu: 'always, continually' (see katu) pekekeng: 'feel stiff or numb after sitting in one position for a long time' pekeneh(JU): 'believe' pekubul: 'cockfight' pekupat: 'turned contrary to the way it should be, as a person lying with his
head at the foot of the bed': mekupat (ng-pekupat)
'turn in a contrary
manner': pekupat (pep-kupat) 'turn each other in
a contrary manner':
pingkupat (p-in-ekupat) 'was turned in a contrary
manner by' pekutang: lying across or athwart, as a tree that has fallen across a path':
ng-pekutang 'to stretch (a cable, etc.) across
something' pelaba: 'very, extremely' (cf. laba) pelian: (see luang) j peliw (JU): 'slip from dne's grasp, as something that is too heavy to hold' (cf.
beliw)
pelubed: 'bent opposite to its usual position, as when the wind bends the
leaves of a riceplant back, or when one's wrist is bent
back; go to and fro in
one day'
peman (CB): 'feed'; meman (ng-peman) 'to feed (as a mother feeding her
child)': pepeman (pep-peman) 'feed one another'; piman
(p-e-i-man) 'was
fed by' I
penagan (CB): 'chopping board for meal' penalad: 'palm. sole', penalad kukud 'sole of the foot': penalad tidhu? 'palm
of the hand' (cf. palad)
penan: 'to feed'; berek penan 'domesticated pig (= pig to be fed)'
peno (CB): 'theft; way of stealing'; meno (ng-peno) 'to steal'; pino (p-e-i-no)
'was stolen by'
penu?: 'full (as a basket or bag)'; menu? (ng-penu?) 'to fill': pinu?(p-i-
nu?) 'preterite passive of menu?'
pengeh: 'finishing': mengeh (ng-pengeh) 'to finish something'; pingeh (pe-i-ngeh)
'preterite passive of mengeh' (cf. abi)
penginud (JU): 'speech, parable, story with a moral' pengi?: 'clitoris'(cf.atet) peng?ulo?: 'goverment-appointed leader' (Malay loan) pepag (CB): 'a slap'; kepepag (ke-pepag) 'slapping (as a habitual aclion)';
mepag (g-pepag) 'lo slap', pemepag (peng-pepag)
'thing used for slapping';
pepegag (pep-pepag) 'slap one another'; pipag
(p-e-i-pag) 'was slapped by' pepang (CB): 'path made by hacking vegetation as one moves through the
jungle'; mepang (ng-pepag) 'make a path by hacking
vegetation as one
moves through the jungle'
peped: 'end (of a thing or action)' (of. pebhed) pepen: 'a cover, hidden'; mepen (ng-pepen) to cover (of food, etc.. but not of
a hole); to hide,': pipen (p-e-i-pen) 'was covered
by, was hidden by' pepepak: 'game in which people try to run through a rectangular area that is
marked off into squares, each of which is guarded by
someone' (connected
with epak?)
perada?: 'to jog. trot' (cf. upun) pera?it1: 'raft'; mera?it (ng-pera?it) 'make a raft' (cf. ra?it) pera?it2: 'strong thunder, thunderclap' peraruh (PM): 'mistaken', (cf. raruh) peredhep: 'close the eyes' (cf. nekedhep) peregai? (JU): 'talk at the same time (of two or more persons)' perek: 'oppressive, as a stuffy or overcrowded room; squeezing';
merek (ng-
perek) 'to squeeze'; pirek (p-e-i-rek) 'was squeezed
by' peretak: 'beans': p. jawa 'French beans'; p. kadang 'long beans'; p.dari small
green beans'
pering : 'dry, of material; thirsty'; mering (ng-pering) 'to dry something' (cf.
rikan, tekeru? )
pesih: (?); pesih pesih 'pretend not to notice, ignore' peta: 'strings of beads worn around the head; skullcap of straw or animal skin
with or without beadwork, worn only by women'
petad (JU): 'separation)': metad (ng-petad) 'to separate': pitad (pe-i-tad) 'was
separated by'
petedheng(CB): 'trip and fall' (cf. luka?, tutu?) petuk: 'bump one's head when standing up in a room with a low ceiling; reach
a desired level when lifting something'
pian: 'want, desire'; pinian (p-in-ian) 'a want, a desire' pia.?: 'a sneeze'; nepia? (ne-pia?) 'to sneeze' pika?(JU): 'to limp' piket (JU): 'catch up with someone' (cf. tiket) pilang: 'striped, banded'; pili?(CB): 'choice'; mill? (ng-pili?) 'choose'; penili? (p-in-ili?) 'was chosen
by'
pino: 'needle' pingit: 'cheek' pingur: 'echo'; tepingur (te-pingur) 'echoing back and forth, full of echoes';
petepingur (pep-te-p}r)ur ) 'make echoes at each
other by calling out':
(marginal form); simpingur (t-in-e-pir)ur) 'was
used to make echoes, of a
thing' (marginal form)
pipeh: 'having two sides, as right and left, inside and outside, etc.' pipih: 'interior wall in the longhouse' pirek: 'silver' (probably a Malay loan) pirit: 'small bird with long beak, rice bird' pisang: 'knicked (of the lip of a jar), torn (of an earlobe in which a decorative
plug has been inserted and then torn loose)'
puar(CB): (see denganeh) pudik (CB): 'way or manner of swimming using full arm strokes'; mudik
(ng-pudik) 'swim using full arm strokes'
pudut: 'shape, form, appearance'; mudut (ng-pudut) 'shape something': pi-
nudut (p-in-udut) 'was shaped by'; doo? pudut
'beautiful' (cf. ribed) pued: 'navel' puer: 'incision, as in an operation'; muer (ng-puer) 'operate, perform surgery' puet: 'buttocks; bottom, foundation'; lobng.puet 'anus' (cf. tebhing) pulang (JU): 'ringworm' (cf, kuri) puluh: 'bamboo shoot' pulung: 'forest'; lem pului) 'in the forest' (cf. ulur)) pulu?: 'ten' pulut: 'glue, anything sticky; bird lime (obtained from the fruit of a tree)';
mulut (ng-pulut) 'to glue something, stick
something on something else',
pinulut (p-in-ulut) 'was glued to'
puneng: 'headwaters of a river' pupud: 'tracking of an animal'; mupud (ng-pupud) 'to track an animal';
pinupud (p-in-upud) 'was tracked by'; pupud pupud
'change one's mind on
second thought'
pupun (CB): 'covering of something, as with a cloth or by heaping soil on it';
mupun (ng-pupun) 'cover something'
pupu?: 'thing used to hit; hitting, washing of clothes'; kepupu? (ke-pupu?)
'washing (as a habitual activity)'; mupu?
(ng-pupu?)'to hit, wash clothes';
pemupu? (peng-pupu?) 'thing used to hit'; pepu?en
(pupu?-en) 'things to
be washed: aorist passive of mupu?' (cf. bupu?,
muru?) pu?ar (CD): 'leaning back'; mu?ar (ng-pu?ar) 'lean back' pu?un: 'origin, beginning (used when introducing a conversational subject);
first'; p. kayuh 'base of a tree (part which enters
the ground)' puteng : 'fall short'; muteng (ng-puteng) 'make something fall short'; p. linuh
'impatient'; p.nial quick-tempered'
putuh: 'asking'; mutuh (ng-putuh) 'to ask'; pinutuh (p-in-utuh) 'was asked by' putul: 'broken, of something hard'; mutul (ng-putul) 'to break'; pinutul
(p-in-utul) 'was broken by' (cf. putut)
putut: 'broken, of something long and soft, as string'; mutut (ng-putut) 'break';
pinutut (p-in-utut) 'was broken by'; p. niat
'taking one's last breath' (cf.
putul)
puun (CB): 'hill' (cf. apad, buduk) puung: 'animal'
R
raka?: 'dead twig' (cf. da?ar)
ramay(CB): lively, enjoying oneselF (Malay loan)
ramut: 'fibrous roots, as of grass, rice or coconut trees' (cf. labing,
uat)
ranih: 'harvest'; peranih (pe-ranih) 'the small bamboo or iron knife
used to
remove the rice head in harvesting; the harvest'; rinanih
(r-in-anih) 'was
harvested by'
ra?an: 'gradual slope, side of a mountain' (cf. alid, beribhi) ra?en: light (in weight )' ra?it: 'raft'; ngera?it (ng-ra?it) 'travel by raft (cf. pera?it) ra?o: 'cork; palm wood used to make blowpipe darts' ra?ung (CB): large round sun hat: umbrella' rara(CB): 'rafters' raruh (JU): losing of something'; neraruh (ne-raruh) loit'; ngeraruh (ng-raruh)
'lose something' (cf . peraruh)
raseb: loud banging noise, as that made when children run on planks of
longhouse'
rasun: 'poison' (Malay loan; cf. parir) ratu: 'milk (human and animal)' ratan: leaking (as a roof or bucket)' ratu: 'hundred' raut: 'to play' rawir: 'long, as a story, road, piece of string' rayeh: 'big, great, physically large (people or things); old (people)' rebun: 'smoke' redhan: 'passed out, fainted' (cf. kenaman) redhang: 'the structure formed by parasitic plants on a tree; a structure built
around a fruiting tree to protect it from marauders';
ngeredhang (ng-redhang)
'put branches around the trunk of one's fruit trees when
they are bearing, or
pile up rubbish in the fork of a branch so that others will
not climb the trees
to take the fruit' (cf. deredhang)
redheng: 'spit'; ngeredheng (ng-redheng) 'to spit' (cf. edheng2, lidha?) redhep: 'closing of the eyes'; ngeredhep (ng-redhep) 'close the eyes' (cf.
peredhep)
rekeb: 'cave in, collapse' reken: 'coiled rattan base on which hot cooking pots are placed' renaran: 'storage places for split firewood above the fireplace' renareng: 'beam on which the beladan is laid in the construction of the
longhouse'
repured: 'spot on the head out of which the hair grows spirally' rera?: 'ant'; r. ane 'termite' rerek: 'incision made in the throat of a pig or chicken in slaughtering'; ngererek
(ng-rerek) 'to slaughter pigs or chickens by slitting the
throat'; rirek
(r-e-i-rek) 'was slaughtered by'
rereng1: 'charcoal (general term)' (cf. adeng) refereng2 (PM): 'putting down'; ngerereng) (ng-rereng) 'put something down' riak: 'future (beginning the following day)' (cf. na?an) ribed: 'pretty, beautiful, of people or things' (cf. pudut) ribun: 'thousand' riek: 'a cough' rier: 'to turn, roll'; berier (be-rier) 'to roll as a result of human agency, as a
log being rolled by someone'; binrier (b-in-e-rier) 'was
rolled by'; ngerier
(ng-rier) 'to turn or roll something'; remier (r-em-ier)
'to roll without the
intervention of a human agent, as a log rolling of its own
accord; turn the
body': rinier (r-in-ier) 'was turned or rolled by' (cf.
lubid) rikan: 'dry, of the weather' (cf. pering, tekeru?) rimod: 'smile'; nerimod (ne-rimod) 'to smile'; rimod rimod 'always smiling rina?e: 'health, condition' rinuh: 'winnowing basket rigit: 'money' (Malay loan) ri?er: 'neck' riruh: 'to laugh'; ngeriruh (ng-riruh) 'make someone laugh'; periruh (pep-riruh)
laugh at one another; make one another laugh'; riniruh
(r-in-inib) 'preterite
passive of ngeriruh'
rua? (see ate1) rudang: 'dead leaf (cf. da?un) rudap: 'sleep'; ngerudap (ng-rudap)' put someone (as a child) to sleep': rinudap
(r-in-udap) 'was put to sleep by': me rudap 'stay
overnight in the jungle, as
when out hunting' (cf. lu?eh) '
rudheng: 'phlegm (after it has been expectorated): slimy, oily' rugi? (CB): loss, as in business'; ngerugi? (ng-rugi?) 'outwit someone in
business, profit at someone else's expense' (Malay loan)
rugu?: 'thin (people, animals)' ruked: (?): ruked ruked 'forever' ruma?: longhouse' (rumah kadang is now used to distinguish the longhouse
from a single-family house)
runga?: (see payo) runguh: 'head of rice plant' (cf. genuluh) ru?eb: 'waterfall' rurug (JU): 'come out all at once, as when pouring something that you want to
come out slowly'; ngerurug (ng-rurug) 'pour out something
(as fruit from a
basket)'; remurug (r-em-urug) 'to drop, of leaves
or fruit'; renurug
(r-en-urug) 'preterite passive of ngerurug' (cf. mayad)
rurut (JU): 'descent'; remurut (r-em-urut) 'come down, descend' ruuk: 'chest' ruyung: 'share a residence with'; lun ruyung (JU) 'relatives'
S
sabun: 'soap' (Malay loan)
saget(CB): 'quick, quickly'
sait: 'a lover, paramour; pesait (pep-sait) 'to have sexual
intercourse (refined
expression)' (cf. kenu?, patot)
sakol: 'hoe': nakol (ng-sakol) 'to hoe': sinakol (s-in-akol) 'was hoed by'
(Malay loan; cf. sakul)
sakul (CD): (Malay loan; cf. sakol) sala? (CD): 'wrong' sangen: 'menses, menstruation' sapa?: 'shirt; s. talun 'buckskin shirt traditionally worn by both sexes' (cf.
kuyu?)
sapeh: 'which, which one?' saweng: 'inability to see in the dark, night blindness sedero: 'watering, tearing (of the eyes) segerang (CB): 'ribs' segeri: 'weak and thin because of sickness segumen: 'eaves of the longhouse roof sekenan: 'remember' selanguy: 'snake (generic)' selapang: 'shotgun' (Malay loan) selengu: 'to shed, of a snake shedding its old skin' (cf. lengu) selengut: 'bamboo nose flute' seli: 'lower part of the leg to the outside of the shin bone (considered es-
pecially vulnerable to attack in a fight)
seluar (CB): 'trousers ' (Malay loan) selubid: lie down' selud: 'to slide (as children sliding down a hillside)' semera?: 'lead(metal)' senape (CB): 'kind of rice cake made by boiling rice wrapped in leaves' sena?ih: 'intestines' (cf. sina?ih) senien (JU): 'catfish' senula? (CB): (see sinula?) senu?eh: 'right side' pesenu?eh (pe-senu?eh) 'on the right side' sepa?(CB): 'betel quid' serawe(JU): 'behavior'; raruh serawe 'mad, crazy, insane' (cf. muno) seremu?uh: 'appearance'; da?et seremu?uh 'bad appearance, untidy' seruga: Heaven (Malay loan) sia?: 'red' ; s. bareh 'very red, glowing red' siguk: 'tobacco' (cf. luko?) silen: 'string used to hold up swimming trunks, etc.' silo: 'shiny, of the surface of a lake, table, etc.' (cf. milo) simun: 'cucumber'; simun ala? 'watermelon' sinan (CB): 'female (animals)' (see berek, cf. dedhur) sina?: 'mother, MZ, FZ (address/vocative)' (cf. sineh, tesineh) sina?ih: 'intestines, guts'; na?em sina?ih 'cowardly' (cf. sena?ih) sineh1 (CB): 'demonstrative particle' sineh2: 'title for married women; Mrs.' (see sina?, tesineh) sinula?: 'bereaved'; dedhur s. 'widow', dela?i s. 'widower' sinung: 'happy: successful, as a wealthy man or a student in school' (JU): s. tu-
nang 'very happy', kesinungan (ke-sinung-an) 'happiness'
(Malay loan?: cf.
tunang)
singel: 'constriction, narrowing' sipen: 'rice that is already on the iung and in the process of being pounded' si?er: 'eyesight'; ni?er (ng-si?er)'.see,look at'; pe-si?er (pep-si?er) 'look at one
another'; sini?er (s-in-i?er) 'was seen, looked at
by'; siren (si?er-en)
'aorisi passive of ni?er'
si?it: 'few'; s. ketuh atuk 'very few' (cf. i?it, kedi?it) siri: 'straight, upright (indefinitely long)'; niri (ng-siri)'straighten' (cf. tuped) sirut: 'tapering' sising: 'ring for the finger' (loan, probably from Malay: cf. tising) suk(CB): 'relative propoun: which, who' sukup (CB): 'enough' (Malay loan; cf. panid ) sunga?ing (JU): 'incubus-ike spirit believed to visit people at night and to sap their
strength'
surat: letter' (Malay loan)
T taang(CB): 'way of mannert of adzing'; naang (ng-taang) 'work wood with an adze';
sinaang (t-in-aang) 'pteterite passive of naang'
taban: 'running away with someone or something, kidnapping, elopement':
naban (ng-taban) 'run away with, kidnap, elope with';
petaban (pep-taban)
'elope'; tebanen (taban-en) 'aorist passive of naban'
tabang (CD): long bamboo section used to carry water' tabat: 'medicine'; nabat (ng-tabat) 'to treat with medicine, apply medicine to';
sinabat (t-in-abat) 'was treated with medicine by'
tabi?: 'greet, shake hands' tabuh: 'container made from a dried gourd' (see bua?) tabun: 'heap, pile: covered by something that is heaped up; heap of dead grass
used by snakes as a nest'; nabun (ng-tabun) 'to heap, pile
up'; sinabun
(t-in-abun) 'was helped or piled up by'
tadem: 'sharp, of a blade'; nadem (ng-tadem) 'sharpen' (cf. asa, i?ir) taduk: 'rhinoceros horn (used for medicinal purposes)' (cf. nga?eh) tadur: 'small bridge, as a single log bridge'; nadur (ng-tadur) 'make a bridge:
cross a bridge'; tadur idhung) 'bridge of the nose' (cf.
ebheng) tae?: 'feces'; nae?(ng-tae?) 'defecate' (considered substandard byGT) (cf.
bube?, ta?ih)
ta?it(PM): 'wait'; peta?it(pep-ta?it) 'wait for each other' (cf. a?it) taka: 'lake' taked: 'popliteal space, area behind the knee' takub: 'a patch, pocket'; nakub(ng-takub) 'to patch as torn clothing' takung: 'pond' (cf. lepeku?) talun: 'buckskin, treated deerskin used for clothing' taman (CB): leader of a pack of animals' tama?: 'father. FB, MB (address/vocative)' (cf. tetameh) tana?: 'earth; soil; world': t.pulut, t.sia? 'clay' tanek: 'boiling of water, cooking': nanek (ng-tanek) 'to boil water, cook
vegetables (GT), boil meat (CB)' (cf. laak, lened)
tanern: 'grave: sunken, as a stick in the ground': nanem (ng-tanern) 'bury':
sinanem (t-in-anem) 'was buried by'
tanep: 'sink, set, disappear from view' (?); t. edho 'direction of the setting sun' tange: 'a cry'; nange (ng-tange) 'to cry'; petange (pep-tange) 'make one another cry':
tange tange 'crying'
tapih1: 'honeycomb' tapih2: 'protective lining placed in a container (as a leaf in a cooking pot)' tapi?: 'cow' (Malay loan) tapung: 'man's traditional feather headdress' ta?eng: 'mouth (people and animals)' ta?ih1: 'feces' (see tae?); ta?ih lalid 'earwax' (see ading) ta?ih2: 'intimate term of address by a man or woman to a boy, meaning
something like "my son'" (cf. emu?)
ta?ut: 'fear'; meta?ut (ng-pe-ta?ut) 'frighten, make afraid'; peta?ut (pe-ta?ut)
'frighten, make afraid'; pinta?ut (p-in-e-ta?ut) 'was
frightened by'; tema-
?ut (t-em-a?ut) 'seem afraid'
tara: 'storage place for husked rice, salt, etc. above the fireplace' taru?: 'making, doing; putting, placing'; naru? (ng-taru?) 'make, do; put.
place'; senaru? (t-in-aru?) 'was done by, was put or
placed by'(cf. tu?en) tasa?: 'damaged; dismantled'; nasa?(ng-tasa?) 'to damage; to dismantle' tauh: 'we (pl. incl.)'; ditauh (idih tauh?) 'ours' (cf. kamih, kediweb, keteluh,
kiteh, teluh)
tebangan(JU): 'scale for weighing things' (Malay loan) tebel: 'head or the penis, glans penis' tebiring (JU): 'veering at an angle (of a bird or plane turning flight)'; nebiring
(ng-tebirig) 'to veer'
tebha?: 'thorn' tebhar: 'salary, wages'; nebhar (ng-tebhar) 'to pay'; sibhar (t-e-i-bhar) 'was paid
by'; tebaren (tebhar-en) 'aorist passive of nebhar'
tebhek: 'mark left by piercing; pierced (as by needle, knife)'; nebhek (ng-teqbhek)
'pierce, stab'; pe-tebhek (pep-teb*ek) 'stab one
another'; sibhek (t-e-i-bhek)
'was pierced by, was stabbed by'; t. apo 'traditional
competition in which
young men held a dart and jumped up to see who could
leave the highest
mark on the slanting roof of the longhouse'
tebheng: 'the felling of a large tree'; nebheng (ng-tebeng) 'to fell a large tree, as
in clearing a swidden'; tebengen (tebheng-en) 'aorist
passive of nebheng)' tebhing: 'buttocks' (cf. puer) tebhuh: 'sugarcane' tebhung: 'small cloth bag used to hold tobacco' tebhu?: 'clearing in the forest'; nebhu? (ng-tebhu?) 'cut down forest'; tebu?en
(tebhu?-en) 'aorist passive of nebhu?'
tedhak: (see bua?) tedhan: 'act of leaving something behind'; ketedhan (ke-tedhan) left behind
(accidentally); nedhan (ng-tedhan) leave behind; sidhan
(t-e-i-dhan) was
left behind by' (cf. keted, where ketedhan could be
interpreted as /keted-en/) tedheh: leaving behind': nedheh (ng-tedheh) 'leave behind'; tidheh (te-i-dheh)
'was left behind by'
teguk: 'external throat' (cf. telenan) teh: 'tea' (English loan; cf. eti) tegeker(JU): 'shivering' (cf. egheng) teghang(CB): 'rainbow' teh: 'sentence particle probably conveying emphasis' tekap: 'search (n.)'; nekap (ng-tekap) 'to search, look for'; pe-tekap (pep-tekap)
'search for one another'; sikap (t-e-i-kap) 'preterite
passive of nekap' teka?ok(CB): 'rooster' tekeku?: 'to squat'; nekeku? (ng-tekeku?) 'force someone to squat' teken (CB): 'boat pole, punting pole'; neken (ng-teken) 'to pole a boat'; sineken
(t-in-eken) 'was poled by'
tekering (CB): 'dry' (cf. pering, rikan, tekeru?) tekeru?: 'dry, of pond or river that has dried up, of moist food gone dry, etc. ' (cf.
pering, rikan, tekering)
tekila?: 'chips produced from working wood with an adze' tekip (JU): 'sarong worn by girls' tekub: 'a knock from underneath (as on the floor of the longhouse by someone
under the house with a stick); nekub (n-tekub) 'to
knock from underneath',
sikub (t-e-i-kub) 'an uppercut (in fighting)'
tekul: 'spoon'; nekul (ng-tekul) 'to spoon out something' telang1: (see bulu?) telang2: 'flavorless, without salt, flat lasting' tela?: 'act of hurling, throwing'; nela? (ng-tela?) 'hurl, throw (a javelin)'; sila?
(t-e-i-la?) 'was hurled or thrown by'; tela?-en 'aorist
passiveof nela?' tela?o: 'the barking deer: Cervulus muntjac' (ct. payo) teleka?: 'small frog' (cf. beraok, esit) telen: 'swallow'; neleng (ng-telen) 'to swallow'; silen (t-e-i-len) 'was swallow-
ed by'; telenan (telen-an) 'internal throat'; telenen
(telen-en) 'aorist passive
of nelen'
teletad: 'spur of a fighting cock (the natural spur, not a metal one)' (cf.
ngeletad)
teliad (JU): 'to slip' teluh: 'three; we (trial incl.)' (cf. kamih, kediweh, keteluh, kiteh, tauh) telu?a?(CB): 'a bird. the crow' temalem: (see alem, malem) temapad: lie with the body next to the fire instead of lying with the feet
toward the fire'
temar: 'stemless plant with tough leaves used as basket straps' tema?ud: 'back of the foot behind and above the ball of the heel'; urat tema?ud
'Achille's tendon'
temedhur: 'rhinoceros' temeh: 'fall short and slip, as when leaping across a ditch, or when climbing
stairs to slip and fall back to the previous step'
temengang(JU): 'hornbill' (cf. menengang, metuy) teneb: 'cool, cold'; neneb (ng-teneb) 'make something cool or cold' tenuran1: 'testicle' (cf. ilung terur) tenuran2: 'nest'; t. la?al ' chicken's nest' (cf. arar) tenganuh: 'weaving': nenganuh (ng-tenganuh) 'to weave'; singanuh (t-in-enganuh)
'was woven by'
tenganga?(JU): 'open the mouth' tenga? (JU): 'window' tengeb(JU): 'riverbank' tepi (CB): 'smooth, as a surface' (cf, lana) tepu?: 'grandparent (address/vocative for any member of grandparental
generation)' (cf. epun, tetepuh)
teraka?: 'thin, emaciated' (said by GT to derive from raka? 'dead twig',
though this may be a folk etymology)
terem: 'sink': nerem (ng-terem) 'force someone under water'; temeren
(i-em-erem) 'dive under water'
terep (JU): 'tree that is similar to the breadfruit, with latex-like sap' terur: 'egg; testicle'; t. la?al 'chicken egg'; t. manuk 'birdegg' terutung: 'porcupine' tesineh: 'mother (reference)'; t. menaken 'MS, FS' (cf. sina?, sineh) tetad: 'marks made by an adze'; netad (ng-tetad) 'cut with a striking motion
toward the body, as when standing with legs apart and
swinging the bikung
from in front of the body to between the legs'
tetameh: 'father (reference)'; t. menaken 'MB, FB' (cf. tama?) tetel1: 'clay hearth in the longhouse' tetel2 (CB): 'packing something in tightly'; netel (ng-tetel) 'pack something in
tightly'
tetepuh: 'grandparent (term of reference)'; t. dela?ih 'grandfather', t. dedhur
'grandmother' (cf. epun, tepu?)
tidha?: 'footprint': nidha? (ng-tidha?) 'step on'; teda?en (tidha?-en) 'aorist
passive of nidha?'; sinidha? (t-in-idha?) 'was stepped
on' tidhuk: 'bill, beak of a bird; act of pecking, poking lightly'; nidhuk (ng-tidhuk)
'to peck, of a bird, poke lightly with the finger'
tidhul: 'pointer, indicator'; nidhul (ng-tidhul) 'to point at something' tidhu?: 'hand' tikan: 'honeybee' (see bua?) tikel:(?); nikel (ng-tikel) 'just manage to get by, barely survive; to handle, take
care of (a problem); able to take something (as food
after one has been
sick)'; tikel-tikel 'constantly struggle for a living
(as a poor man who barely
gets by)'; sikelen (tikel-en) 'aorist passive of nikel'
tiket (CB): 'overtake someone, as in walking along a path' (cf. piket) tilem (CB): 'mattress' (Malay loan) tising(CB): (cf. sising) tuak: 'nape of the neck' tubang(JU): 'kind of small wild cat that preys on chickens' tubeh: 'a vine and the poison from its roots used to stun fish: derris root' tuda?: 'how much?; how many'; t. buleng 'few' tudo: 'to sit'; nudo (ng-tudo) 'to set, put something in a place (as a pot on a
table)'; sinudo (t-ln-udo) 'was set down by' (cf.
bekaar) tuduk (CB): 'stick placed as a warning along the path'; nuduk (ng-tuduk) 'to
warn'
tudung: 'shoulder' tudu?: 'seven' tudhu?: 'salt'; nudhu? (ng-tudhu?) 'add salt to something' tuked: 'prop, support siick used to hold open the cover of the ikab' tuked: 'slope of a nuiuntain'; t. apad 'on the slope of a mountain range;
temuked (t-em-uked) 'climb a mountain; steep (?)';
tekedhen (tuked-en) 'the
sides or slopes of a i lountain (cf. irang)
tukung: 'mosquito' (cf. namuk) tukup: 'a wooden support used to hold up an old house; also, a wooden support
beam inside the longhouse'
tulang: 'bone; tulang da?un 'spine of a leaf' tulu1: 'correct '(cf.muned) tulu2: 'if' (cf. ulu) tulud (CB): 'act of flying'; temulud (t-em-ulud) 'to fly' tulung (CB): 'help,assistance'; nulung (ng-tulung) 'to help.assist' (Malay loan?) tumeh: 'small white clothes louse' (cf. adel, gesimel, kutuh, li?a) tumid: 'ball of the heel' tumuh: 'tree sp.' (see kayuh) tunan: 'short handle' (cf. edha?, etun) tunang: 'happy' (cf. sinung) tunap(JU): 'window' tuno: 'a hammer'; nuno (ng-tuno) to hammer (as iron, in making tools)' tunuh: 'burning, roasting'; nunuh (ng-tunuh) 'to burn, to roast' tunuk: 'surrender' tunge (CB): 'here, to this place (cf. ngi iinih) tungul(CB): 'parang, machete, bush knife' tuped: 'standing up straight, upright, erect (of physical objects and people)'
nuped (n-tuped) 'to build, construct' (cf. siri)
tu?ed: 'tree stump' tu?eh: 'hard,strong (of materials)' (cf. galih, kail) tu?en: 'make, do' (cf. naro, taru?) tu?i: 'getup'; nu?i (ng-tu?i) 'raise up' (cf. kulat2) tu?uh: 'true, really; too, very' turuk: 'bamboo water conduit turun: 'the manner in which one comes down (slow, fast, etc.)'; nurun (ng-
turun) 'to lower, as a ladder; swoop down to attack or
grab something (as
hawks or eagles); to swarm, of bees'; temurun
(t-em-urun) 'jump down,
descend (as a ladder}' (cf. urur)
turu?: 'a command. older, directive'; nuru? (ng-turu?) 'to command'; sinuru?
(t-in-uru?) 'was commanded by, was ordered by'(cf. atur,
uru?) tutuk1: 'short stone or wooden pestle for pounding meat or vegetables, act of
hammering or pounding'; nutuk (ng-tutuk) 'to hammer (as a
peg into the
ground); to pound (chili peppers, ginger, etc.) with a
pestle' (cf. aluh) tutuk2 (CB): 'act of throwing something at someone or something"; nutuk
(ng-tutuk) 'throw something at someone or something (as
in throwing
pebbles at a target)
tutun: 'shallow' tutu?: 'fall from a height (people, birds, fruits, leaves)'; nutu? (ng-tutu?)
'drop something from a height' (cf. luka?, petedheng)
tuung (JU): 'a box'
U uab: 'a yawn'; 'nguab (ng-uab) 'to yawn' uan (JU): 'have' uang1: 'howling of a dog' nguang (ng-uang) 'to howl,of a dog' (cf. manang) uang2: 'muscles, flesh; contents of something' (cf. isi?) uang3 (?): uang uang (JU) 'naked' (cf. lupa) uar(CB): 'kind of vine uat1: 'thatching needle, needle used to stitch the palm-leaf thatch in making a
roof
uat2: large root, taproot' (cf. labing, ramut) uay: 'traditional Kelabit axe for cutting wood' ubih: 'tuber'; u. kayuh 'tapioca'; u. sia? 'sweet potato' ubit: 'mark left by a bite'; ngubit (ng-ubit) 'to bite' (cf. ketep) ubud (CB): 'soft edible pith of plants, esp. sago: palm cabbage'; ngubud
(ng-ubud) 'make ubud'
ubur: 'praise (n.)'; ngubur (ng-ubur) 'to praise' ubhir: 'to overflow (of a bucket left under running water, etc.)'; mubhir
(m-uhhir) 'overflowing, overflowed'
ubho: to stop; to rest, take a break' (cf. udhu?) udan: 'rain'; mudan (ern-udan) 'to rain'; u. bariw 'strong wind, storm wind' udang: 'shrimp' udeng1: 'decorative earplug' udeng2: 'stay'; da?et udeng 'homesick' (lit. 'bad stay'); mudeng (em-udeng) 'to
stay, dwell'; pepudeng (pep-udeng) 'stay with one's
fiancee's family for
some time before marriage (reciprocal)'
uduh: 'grass' (generic; cf. budud) udung (CB): 'top, end'; u. kayuh 'top of a tree, part of a tree from the first
branching upwards' .
udur: 'standing': mudur (em-udur) 'stand up from sitting or lying; standing
up'; udur udur 'lingering around doing nothing; standing
up and sitting
down repeatedly'
udhih: 'rudder, stern of a boat; rear' (cf. julung, mudhih) udhu?: 'cease, stop an activity (as walking or working)' ue (CB): 'rattan' ueg: 'wild fruit tree with seeds like rubber tree seeds' ugam: 'mat' (cf. epin) ugha? (CB): 'stop suddenly, of whirling motion (children in play whirling
around to make themselves dizzy, a spinning top that
falls over, etc.)' ugheng: 'spinning without wobbling (usually with reference to spinning tops)' ul: 'cheer ullcrcd when passing arak or burak rice wine in a festival' uih: 'lsg. subject and object; I, me'; duih (idih-uih) 'mine uit (CB): 'way of banging'; mult (ern-uit) 'to bring'; nuit (en-uit) 'was
brought by'; pemuilt(pem-uil) 'thing used to bring';
pepuit (pep'uit) 'bring
one another'
uka (JU): 'dawn'; muka (m-uka) (JU): 'early' (cf. lekedhang) ukep (JU): 'spend a night in the forest' uker: 'shining, of a cat's eyes in the dark, chatoyant' ukul1: 'disposition' (cf. eghul, mukul) ukul2 (CB): 'stick for stirring rice' uku?: 'dog' uled: 'maggot, caterpillar': u. reken 'kind of non-poisonous worm that coils
in a circle' (cf. kelatih, kereruar)
uleng: 'alone' ;uleng uleng 'preferring to be alone' (cf. buleng) ulih1(JU): 'sprout, shoot, bud' ulih2(PM): 'wax from a honeycomb, candlewax' ulu (CB): 'if' (cf. tulu2) ulud: 'words, tale, story'; lud-en (ulud-en) 'is being talked about or told, will
talk about or tell; ulud ulud 'be in conversation'
uluh: 'head' ulun: 'life'; mulun (m-ulun) living, alive' ulung: 'grove,thicket, cluster of trees' (cf. pulung) umak: 'climb stairs, ascend' umeng: 'cricket' (see kato) uned: 'middle' (cf. lemuned) unih: 'sound'; munih (em-unih) 'make a sound' upa: 'splitting': mupa (ern-upa) 'to split (intr.)', ngupa (ng-upa) 'spilt some-
thing into large pieces' (cf. bilak)
upan: 'bait, chicken feed', ngupan (ng-upan) to feed animals'
upa?: 'yam' uper (CB): 'bark fiber used for making rope': nuper (in-uper) 'string or rope
made from bark fiber'; nguper (ng-uper) 'make rope
from bark fiber': puren
(uper-en) 'aorist passive of nuper'; sinuper
(sin-uper) 'preterite passive of
nguper'
upih: 'a dream': mupih (em-upih) 'to dream' upit: 'tweezers' upun: 'to run' (cf. perada?) u?i: 'lever' u?it: 'top incisor teeth' u?ut: 'straw for sipping rice wine: smoking pipe; sucking'; nu?ut (ne-u?ut)
'smoke a pipe: suck'; uten (u?ut-en) 'aorist
passive nu?ut'; sinu?ut
(sin-u?ut) 'preterite passive of nu?ut'
urat1: 'vein, vessel, tendon' urat2: 'wound'; murat (m-urat) 'wounded'; ngurat (ng-urat) 'to wound'; pepurat
(pep-urat) 'wound one another'
urek (CB): 'handspan, measurement from tip of thumb to tip of outstretched
forefinger'; ngurek (ng-urek) 'measure' (cf.
depeh) urit: line. dash, writing' (cf. ayud, nulis) urung1: large dried gourd used for storing husked rice (unhusked rice is stored
in the lepo pade)'
urung: 'bamboo segment forming part of a wind-powered scarecrow used in
the paddy field'
uru?: 'order, directive' (cf. turu?) urur1(JU): 'cluster (of fruit)' urur2 (CB): 'act of lowering something'; ngurur (ng-urur) 'lower something
slowly by rope' (cf. turun)
usag: 'piece of something that has broken'; musag (em-usag) 'break into
pieces, as a clod of earth, or a ball of rice or
ginger powder' useng: 'cat' useb: 'want something very much, desire intensely' used1: 'a cold, catarrh; mucus that is coughed up: euphemism for any sickness' used2: 'marrow' (possibly = used1; cf. isud) usuk: 'loose, of loincloth strings or anything else that is tied up' utak: 'urge, determination, resolve' utap (CB): 'shield' uta?: 'vomit (n.)'; nuta? (in-uta?) 'was vomited by'; nguta? (ng-uta?)'to vomit' utang: 'debt' (Malay loan; cf. baleh) utek: 'brain' uud(CB): 'retreat, withdraw' ;u. udih 'move backward' uyut (CB): 'small carrypg basket worn on the back' (cf. babeh, bakang, binen)
W
waluh: 'eight' (cf. aluh)
